Architecture of a dinuclear Co(II) complex based on 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole-5-carboxylic acid: molecular structure, thermal behavior, optical properties, and DFT calculations

Abstract

The dinuclear compound [Co₂(Hatzc)₂(H₂O)₆](NO₃)₂·4H₂O containing the polytopic ligand Hatzc^‒ = 3-amino-4H-1,2,4-triazole-5-carboxylate was synthesized and characterized. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction showed that two monoanionic N,O-chelating Hatzc^‒ ligands bridge two Co(II) ions in a µ-N1,N2 fashion. Both Co(II) centers are further coordinated by three H₂O ligands making up an octahedral coordination. A complex network of intra- and intermolecular O‒H···O and N‒H···O hydrogen bonding interactions characterize the structure. Hirshfeld surface analysis, ATR–FTIR, and FT-Raman spectroscopy in combination with density functional theory (DFT) calculation of vibrational modes confirm this multitude of H bonds. Thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis experiments under an argon atmosphere in the temperature range of 25–900 °C showed thermal stability till about 100 °C and multi-step decomposition yielding Co₂O₃ at about 280 °C. The octahedral environment of Co(II) was confirmed by UV–vis absorption spectroscopy, which shows weak absorption bands at around 520 nm assignable to electronic d‒d transitions alongside with π‒π* transitions dominating the 250–350 nm range. Time-dependent DFT calculated excited states agree very well in terms of energy match with the observed transitions. The direct and indirect optical band gap values were determined using the Tauc plot method to 3.33 eV and 2.75 eV, respectively, indicating semiconducting properties.

Graphical Abstract

KEYWORDS:

• Dinuclear cobalt complex
• polytopic ligand
• 1,2,4-triazole-carboxylate
• crystal structure
• Hirshfeld surface analysis
• UV–vis absorption
• optical band gap
• DFT calculations

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

SH, YA, and HC thank the Tunisian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research for financial support. AK acknowledges the University of Cologne for support.