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Abstract
Ultraviolet-B (UVB) radiation is one environmental factor that mayact in concert with other stressors, such as xenobiotics, to produce adverse effect on amphibian populations. Embryos (< 24 h old) of the common frog (Rana temporaria) were exposed to four concentrations (0, 10, 100, or 1000 w g/L) of bisphenol A (BPA), with and without ultraviolet-B (UVB) radiation, for 20 d in the laboratory. Throughout the experiment the biologically effective daily UVB dose, calculated with Setlow's DNA action spectrum, was 2.80 kJ m -2 . UVB radiation as such did not have any significant effect on frog embryos. However, a BPA treatment of 1000 w g/L had a significant effect on embryos in both the UVB and no-UVB treatments, with the effect being greater with UVB. UVB produced a significant decrease in survival in the newly hatched frog larvae at all BPA concentrations. These results demonstrate that simultaneous exposure to these two stress factors is more harmful to R. temporaria larvae than exposure to one stressor alone.
