Production of mixed methyl/ethyl esters from waste fish oil through transesterification with mixed methanol/ethanol system

ABSTRACT

Biodiesel (mixed fatty acid methyl/ethyl esters) was prepared from waste fish oil through base-catalyzed transesterification with mixed methanol/ethanol system. Effect of methanol/ethanol (% v/v), type and concentration of the catalyst, mixed alcohols to oil molar ratio, the reaction temperature, and the reaction time on the biodiesel yield was optimized. Maximum biodiesel yield (97.30 wt%) was produced by implementing 1:1 methanol/ethanol (v/v), 1.0 wt% KOH, 6:1 mixed alcohols to oil molar ratio, 40°C reaction temperature, and 30 min of reaction time. Conversion of the waste fish oil to mixed methyl/ethyl esters was confirmed by ¹H NMR spectroscopy. Fuel properties of the resulting biodiesel in addition to its blends with petrodiesel were in good agreement with specifications of ASTM D6751 and ASTM D7467, respectively. Therefore, it was concluded that using mixed alcohol system for biodiesel production could reduce the production cost through reducing conditions required for maximum conversion.

KEYWORDS:

• Analysis of biodiesel
• biodiesel
• fuel properties
• optimization of conditions
• transesterification with mixed methanol/ethanol system
• waste fish oil

Acknowledgment

Facilities presented by Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Mosul University, Mosul, Iraq for conducting this research work are highly appreciated.