Philippine liberal democracy under siege: the ideological underpinnings of Duterte’s populist challenge

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Hansley Juliano and Asuncion Sebastian, PhD, for their invaluable comments on earlier drafts of this review.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Notes

1. For Canovan (2002), the relationship between democratic politics and populism takes an ideological form since ideology necessarily simplifies the complexity of politics, thus making it more accessible to those outside its inner sphere.

2. Though this work can serve as both an introduction to contemporary liberal thought in the Philippines, as well as an extension of Mojares (2006) historical analysis of Filipino political thought, it should not be construed as a work of political theory.

3. Kusaka (2017a) also provided the concept of contact zones where the civic public sphere and the mass public sphere interacted and form new moral narratives.

4. See the recent work of Borja (2018) for a preliminary examination of illiberal values in the Philippines.

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Notes on contributors

Matthew David Ordoñez

Matthew David Ordoñez is a doctoral student in Public Administration at Shanghai Jiao Tong University. His research interests include urban development, Southeast Asian politics, Sino-ASEAN relations, and Asian political thought.

Anthony Lawrence Borja

Anthony Lawrence Borja is a doctoral student in Public Administration at Shanghai Jiao Tong University’s School of International and Public Affairs. His research interests and publications are in political theory, political philosophy, and comparative politics.