Social ties at work: Roma migrants and the community dynamics

Abstract

This research examines how the internal social dynamics of Roma communities at home shape their propensity to migrate. It is theoretically grounded in the literature on social capital and focuses on two core concepts: ‘migration-rich’ and ‘migration-poor’ communities. The research is based on in-depth interviews and informal discussions with Roma from six (mainly rural) communities of Transylvania (Romania) and includes qualitative data gathered from migrants as well as from people who did not migrate. The findings challenge existing conceptualizations of Roma migration as either explained by poverty alone or by cultural arguments (such as nomadism). This paper indicates that even in the context of severe poverty, social networks are actually decisive for migration. It demonstrates that the patterns of migration tend to be community-specific and shaped by a locally shared culture (ethos) on migration. The research suggests policy choices according to the community profile and its internal dynamics.

Keywords:

• Roma
• migration
• community
• social capital
• poverty
• social networks

Notes

1. However, this research will use the concept of migration in its non-technical and rather broader meaning.

2. Work in the Spanish or Italian countryside with a declining demography allows migrants to reinstate small communities away from home.

3. Not present in the more ‘integrated’ migration-poor communities, where the interest to go abroad is rather low.

4. This involved deceptive recruitment, confiscation of documents, isolation and surveillance, threats of violence, excessive working hours and hazardous living conditions.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Maria-Carmen Pantea

MARIA-CARMEN PANTEA is Assistant Professor in the Department of Social Work at ‘Babes Bolyai’ University.