Muslim immigrants and religious group feelings: self-identification and attitudes among Sunni and Alevi Turkish-Dutch

Abstract

Affective ratings of multiple religious (sub)groups (Muslims, Christians, Jews and non-believers, as well as Sunni, Alevi and Sjiit Muslims), the endorsement of Islamic minority rights and religious group identification were examined among Sunni and Alevi Turkish-Dutch participants. The findings show that both groups differ in important ways. Some Alevi participants considered themselves Muslims but others interpreted Alevi identity in a secular way. The Sunnis were quite negative towards Jews and non-believers, they more strongly endorsed Islamic minority rights and they had very high Muslim group identification. Furthermore, the Sunnis were negative towards Alevis and the Alevis were negative towards the Sunnis. Muslim group identification was positively and strongly related to feelings towards Muslims and to the endorsement of Islamic group rights.

Keywords:

• Muslim minorities
• Muslim identity
• group relations
• minority rights
• Sunni
• Alevi

Notes

1. F(3, 1377) = 57.23, p<.001.

2. F(6, 1377) = 66.32, p<.001.

3. F(2, 460) = 58.26, p<.001.

4. Analysis for ‘Jews’, F(2, 460) = 6.78, p=.001, and for ‘non-believers’, F(2, 460) = 74.48, p<.001.

5. Main effect, F(2, 384) = 3.63, p=.028. Interaction effect between group rating and religious group, F(2, 384) = 93.78, p<.001.

6. F(2, 461) = 110.1, p<.001.

7. F(1, 384) = 390.97, p<.001.

8. F(1, 384) = 7.18, p=.008.

9. F(3, 1155) = 23.46, p<.001.

10. F(2, 376) = 4.77, p=.009.

11. Main effect, F(1, 384) = 35.17, p<.001, and interaction effect, F(1, 384) = 2.75, p>.05.