Celebrate or hold suspect? Bill Clinton and George W. Bush in Africa

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Notes

1. From a personal interview with Francis Kornegay Jr., Director of the African–American Institute, on May 8, 1997 at the African–American Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa.

2. For information on the HIV/AIDS initiative, see the Bush administration website at http://www.whitehouse.gov/infocus/hivaids/.

3. For information on the Millennium Challenge Account, see the Bush adminstration's website at http://www.whitehouse.gov/infocus/developingnations/millennium.html, or refer to the Millennium Challenge Corporation's homepage at http://www.mca.gov.

4. For analysis of the United States Leadership Against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria Act of 2003, see the Kaiser Family Foundation's policy brief “US Government Funding for Global HIV/AIDS Through FY2005”, available at http://www.kff.org/hivaids/7110.cfm.

5. See the 108th US Congress's legislation H.R.4818. Additional information can be found in the US House of Representatives' report: House Rpt.108–599 – Foreign Operations, Export Financing and Related Programs Appropriations Bill, 2005.

6. For additional details, listen to National Public Radio's broadcast “Government Defence Contractors Are Bidding on a $7 Billion Grant to Supply Aids Drugs to Developing Countries”, aired October 14, 2004 on its morning edition programme (Brenda Wilson reporting). Written articles include “HIV/AIDS and STDs; Defence Contractors to Apply for PEPFAR Funding”, Africa News (in conjunction with the Kaisernetwork.org), October 14, 2004; and “Defence Contractors Seek $7 Billion Drug Grant”, on the National Public Radio website at http://www.npr.org/tenplates/story/story/php?storyId'4108743.

7. Statistics are from the Office of the US Trade Representative at http://usinfo.state.gov/af/Archive/2005/Apr/26-505429.html.

8. These figures are from the US government's Africa Growth and Opportunity website at http://www.agoa.info/, and its Office of Africa, Market Access website at http://www.export.gov/exportamerica/NewOpportunities/no_SubSahara.html.