What’s in the news? A multiscalar text analysis approach to exploring news media discourses for managing protected areas in Switzerland

Abstract

Park management is often hampered where discourses – encompassing views, values and interests about parks - differ, emphasising the important role public engagement plays in park planning and management. News media are a promising source of unstructured text material for exploring environmental discourses. Here, we combine computational distant reading and close readings across temporal and thematic scales, with the overall aim of demonstrating how a multiscalar approach can be effectively used to explore discourses related to protected areas. We illustrate our aim through a case study in two Swiss Regional Parks with the objectives of a) computationally identifying emerging topics since the formation of the parks through distant reading and b) performing a detailed close reading exploring the discourses around two dominant topics. This multiscalar approach forms the cornerstone of our findings and allows us to explore different ways in which the two parks are valued and debated.

Keywords:

• Text analysis
• qualitative content analysis
• news media
• protected areas

Introduction

The COP15 UN biodiversity conference in 2022 resulted in a landmark agreement aiming to reverse the unprecedented destruction of nature. Among the instruments agreed was the establishment of protected areas and other area-based conservation measures by 2030 covering 30% of the Earth’s land and sea area (CBD, 2022).

Protected areas provide a host of social, health, environmental and economic benefits (e.g. Bell, Tyrväinen, Sievänen, Pröbstl, & Simpson, 2007; Bowler, Buyung-Ali, Knight, & Pullin, 2010) and in many countries, nature parks are flagships of the protected-area network (Väisänen, Heikinheimo, Hiippala, & Toivonen, 2021). Preserving the benefits offered by these parks is challenged by, for example, peri-urbanisation and environmental degradation (Runting et al., 2017; Shaw, van Vliet, & Verburg, 2020; Sutton, Anderson, Costanza, & Kubiszewski, 2016). Integrated landscape planning and management have huge potential, at least in principle, in addressing such challenges. However, in practice, views, values and interests about parks often differ between stakeholders including park managers, residents and the tourism sector (Reed et al., 2018; Wondirad & Ewnetu, 2019; Haukeland, 2011).

Consequently, there is increasing recognition of the importance of capturing differing viewpoints through increased public engagement in park planning and management (e.g. Kuiper et al., 2022). A recent Swiss example of public engagement in park planning and management (c.f. Michel, 2019) is the failed designation of Park Adula, in the Alpine region between the cantons of Grisons and Ticino. Plans for this park were initiated by local communities in 2001, focussing on economic and social goals, as well as nature conservation (Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN), 2015). However, competing viewpoints among different stakeholders – for example pitting conservation groups against local farmers – formed an unstable foundation for negotiations related to the legal basis for the park and its formation was rejected in a popular vote in 2016 (Michel, 2019).

One way of analysing such viewpoints is by treating them as discourses – that is to say ‘frameworks for debating the value of one way of talking about reality over other ways’ (Parker, 1992, p.5). Exploring these frameworks requires not only analysing what is said, but also exploring by whom and how viewpoints are constructed. Methodologically, approaches to discourse analysis vary widely, ranging from content analysis (focusing on what is said) – the approach we choose to follow here – to critical discourse analysis based on more contextual readings of, for example, the power relationships implied by discourses (see e.g. Kuckartz, 2014).

One route to exploring prominent public discourses is an analysis of mass media (Deuze & McQuail, 2020). Specifically, news media have been used to monitor the ‘cultural temperature’ of society in terms of societal discourses (Hansen, Cottle, Negrine, & Newbold, 1998, p. 92). Conversely, mass media also influence the everyday knowledge of a broad population (Luhmann, 2000). In particular, local news media have an important role to play as community resources, shaping public opinion and expectations with respect to policies and policy development processes (Caburnay et al., 2003; Collins, Abelson, Pyman, & Lavis, 2006). Various studies have shown that news media can help to understand environmental discourses (e.g. Wallace, 2021; Lehotský, Černoch, Osička, & Ocelík, 2019; Flaminio, Piégay, & Le Lay, 2021; Schweinsberg, Darcy, & Cheng, 2017; Roy, McGreavy, Quiring, & Druschke, 2022; Lyytimäki, 2014). Schweinsberg et al. (2017) examined the power of news media in framing the future role of tourism in protected areas using critical discourse analysis. Their work contributed to fresh insights on the complex nature of sustainable management of protected areas but was based on a very small collection of texts. Lyytimäki (2014) studied media representations of ecosystem disservices in Finnish news media using content analysis on a small media sample. They found a variety of ecosystem disservices were discussed, but noted a discord between the prominence of individual topics in news media and expert ratings of their importance.

News media are thus a promising source of material for exploring discourses about the environment, but to date have been the subject of little computational investigation, especially with respect to landscape planning and management, for example in the context of protected areas. Here we treat news media as unstructured texts, containing rich narratives, which can be analysed computationally (distant reading) and by more detailed qualitative interpretations (close reading) (c.f. Jockers, 2013; Moretti, 2013) in a multiscalar way. We combine distant and close readings across temporal and thematic scales (Correia et al., 2021; Taylor, Gregory, & Donaldson, 2018; Chesnokova, Taylor, Gregory, & Purves, 2019), with the overall aim of demonstrating how a multiscalar approach can be used to explore discourses related to protected areas. We illustrate our aim through a case study in two recently established Swiss Regional Parks (Jurapark Aargau and Park Beverin) with the objectives of:

1. computationally identifying emerging topics since the formation of the parks through distant reading, and;

2. performing a detailed close reading as a starting point to understand the discourses around two dominant topics.

Material and methods

Multiscalar analyses, as used in this article, offer flexibility in reading and analysing, that is not achievable through any single method (Taylor et al., 2018). First, we elicit emerging topics from different types of news media by carrying out distant reading using natural language processing. This distant reading uncovers the ‘big picture’ from a large text corpus, at the expense of overlooking detailed context (Khadem, 2012; Moretti, 2013). Second, we choose dominant topics in each park and perform close reading using qualitative content analysis to uncover the contents of the underlying discourses related to these topics.

The parks

In 2007, the Swiss government established a network of parks, forming a platform for dialogue, knowledge transfer and exchange between new and existing parks to include them in the country’s national political agenda. Although the parks share a common identity at the national level, they are mostly managed cantonally (Swiss Parks Network, 2022a, 2022b), with diverse local stakeholders and associated discourses.

We focus on two regional nature parks: Park Beverin and Jurapark Aargau (Figure 1), both in the German-speaking part of Switzerland. Besides the protection of rural landscapes and cultural heritage, the promotion of sustainable regional economic development is a main goal for this park category and regional marketing of products produced in the park and nature-based tourism are explicitly expected (Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN), 2015). This park type does not have strictly protected core zones.

Figure 1. Location of Jurapark Aargau (blue) and Park Beverin (red). Background map from Swisstopo (2018), park perimeters from Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN) (2022).

Park Beverin (established in 2013) is located in the alpine area of south-eastern Switzerland, stretching over 412 km², including 9 municipalities with 3,700 residents (Swiss Parks Network, 2022a). The park area extends around the eponymous Piz Beverin (2998 m a.s.l.) and is well-known for iconic species including ibex, chamois and, more recently, wolves. It also offers tourist infrastructure, for e.g. skiing and hiking (Swiss Parks Network, 2022a).

Jurapark Aargau (established in 2012) is situated near more densely populated areas in northern Switzerland. It has recently expanded to include 8 new municipalities, resulting in a total of 32 park municipalities with 55,000 residents within its 299 km². Agricultural landscapes dominate this region, which is well-known for cherry blossom in spring (Swiss Parks Network, 2022b). Most tourist infrastructure in Jurapark Aargau is in the form of hiking and biking trails, rather than mass tourism offerings such as ski lifts.

Data acquisition

We obtained news media articles from Swissdox, a media database including content dating back to the 1960s. The database contains more than 24 million media articles in French and German including local and national press and online media and is updated daily (Swissdox, 2024).

We initially searched the database using park names (‘Beverin’ or ‘Jurapark’), along with a German language filter and a temporal range between 01.01.2000 (predating the parks’ establishment) and 31.12.2021. The keyword ‘Jurapark’ led to noise in the data – referring to both unsuccessful plans to extend the park in neighbouring cantons and other parks in the French-speaking part of Switzerland – and therefore the keyword was refined into ‘Jurapark Aargau’.

Considering the lengthy political process of park establishment in Switzerland, we expected that news media would discuss relevant discourses in the early stages of the park establishment process, prior to their openings. After data retrieval, duplicate articles were removed.

Distant reading

To computationally analyse the corpus, we first carried out standard NLP tasks including text tokenisation, lemmatisation, part-of-speech tagging, named entity recognition (NER), and NER consolidation in German (Benoit et al., 2018; Benoit & Matsuo, 2020). This process leaves us with a so-called bag-of-words – individual terms, reduced to base forms along with a classification of parts of speech (e.g. noun, adjective, article, etc.). After removing German stop words (common terms that do not convey meaning) and park names (i.e. ‘Jurapark’, ‘Jurapark Aargau’, ‘Beverin’, ‘Naturpark Beverin’) we extracted nouns given their role in indicating key subjects, objects, and actions (Vinson & Vigliocco, 2002).

We then applied a topic modelling algorithm to identify latent topics in the text corpus (Roberts et al., 2014; Roberts, Stewart, & Tingley, 2019). We used Structural Topic Modelling (STM), an extension of Latent Dirichlet Annotation (LDA), which applies Dirichlet distribution to estimate probabilistic matrices and assumes a mixed-membership model, implying that a document is a mixture of multiple topics. The benefit of STM is that it considers not only the content of documents, but also associated metadata (Roberts et al., 2014), in our case allowing us to include a year of publication (2000–2021) and media type in topic clustering. The media types were aggregated into four: National (Newspapers), Regional/Local (Newspapers), Magazine, and Online.

Topic modelling requires that the number of topics (k) be defined. To find an optimal k, we calculated semantic coherence and exclusivity (Appendix A, Figure A1a), common indicators measuring the quality of topic modelling results. Coherence indicates whether the words in a topic are coherent, increasing if words in a particular topic frequently appear together in the original text corpus (Mimno, Wallach, Talley, Leenders, & McCallum, 2011). Exclusivity measures whether different topics are mutually exclusive and distinctive, based on the comparisons of the word similarity across different topics (Bischof & Airoldi, 2012). In addition to these statistical indicators, we labelled topics to qualitatively determine k. This is to determine the size of k that can minimise the background topics (i.e. topic clusters that consist of incoherent or random words so that cannot be labelled with a single topic) based on human interpretation. We applied STM with different k, using R package stm (Roberts et al., 2019). Then we filtered top 20 keywords from each topic and asked three German-speakers in our research group to initially label them and determined the optimum number of topics to be eight for both parks.

Although topic modelling is an unsupervised method, it requires human interpretations in labelling the results for which we consulted experts with diverse backgrounds - including human geography, environmental modelling, and remote sensing - and local knowledge of the parks under investigation. These experts were part of the interdisciplinary research team of the ValPar.ch project to examine the benefits and added values of ecological infrastructure in Swiss parks of national importance. To gather consensus on the topics for Park Beverin we conducted an expert workshop in May 2022, as a part of a wider ValPar.ch project meeting, that consisted of eight participants. During a one-hour-long session, we provided a handout including word clouds based on 20 keywords retrieved from the STM with the optimal k (Appendix A, Figure A1b). We asked the experts to label each topic individually, and combined these inputs to summarise the topics. A similar approach was repeated with five experts in December 2023 for topics related to Jurapark Aargau.

Close reading

As a follow-up to the distant reading, we explored news media for two dominant topics that play a role in the parks. Following the approach of Zscheischler and Friedrich (2022), we conducted a qualitative content analysis on the topic wolf (Park Beverin) and activities in landscape (Jurapark Aargau) to explore the discourses related to these topics. The initial number of articles that belong to the specific topics (for wolf n = 192 and for activities in landscape n = 112) was reduced for qualitative analysis following the principle of ‘theoretical saturation’ (e.g. Hennink & Kaiser, 2022). We ordered articles per topic based on the probability of a document belonging to a topic. Then, we applied stratified random sampling of 10% of the data and successively added further articles to the analysis until no new insights were gained in the iterative process described below.

We used an iterative deductive-inductive research strategy for qualitative content analysis (Kuckartz, 2014), where we first deductively coded data applying categories derived from the literature on discourses about Swiss parks of national importance (Appendix B, Table B1). These categories included: actors and their relationships, regional development, conservation of nature and cultural heritage, and governance of parks. Then, we refined the category system and added additional inductive categories and subcategories derived from the material through in-vivo coding and paraphrasing (Appendix B, Tables B1, B2 and B3). Finally, we coded all remaining articles with the developed coding system in MAXQDA.

Results

Distant reading

We extracted 1065 and 767 articles for Jurapark Aargau and Park Beverin respectively from Swissdox after removing duplicates. When the number of articles was plotted by the year of publication and the type of media, the two parks showed different trends (Figure 2). In the case of Jurapark Aargau, the publication of the articles peaked in the late 2000s (i.e. 2009–2010) and the early 2020s (i.e. 2020–2021). The dominant media type in Jurapark Aargau was regional/local news media. Park Beverin, on the other hand, was the subject of limited media attention before 2021, when it became omnipresent in different news media sources, most commonly online.

Figure 2. The number of media articles by the type of media for Jurapark Aargau (left) with n = 1065 and Park Beverin (right) with n = 767. Dashed grey vertical lines indicate the year of park establishment for Jurapark Aargau (established in 2012) and Park Beverin (established in 2013).

Table A1 in the Appendix illustrates topic labels that emerged from the expert labelling. In Park Beverin – where only five of the eight topics were identified as meaningful – topics included wolf, park planning & management, recreation & tourism, winter recreation & tourism, and agriculture. For Jurapark Aargau six topics were labelled by experts. These include: activities in landscape, regional politics, park tourism, local events, park management, and nuclear waste repository. For both parks similar topics thus arose related to the park’s function of recreation and tourism.

Based on STM and the expert labels, we assigned topics to news articles and counted the number of articles according to their year of publication and media type, estimating changes in the share of topics over the last 22 years (Figure 3). For Jurapark Aargau, the topic nuclear waste repository was visible for the entire timeframe of analysis, reflecting a separate, long-term debate about the siting of a nuclear waste repository in Switzerland, with one candidate site in Jurapark Aargau. From 2010 on, activities in landscape became a frequently discussed topic together with park management with a major attention peak in 2012–2015. In 2010 and again in 2020, regional politics were a popular media topic.

Figure 3. Temporal changes of topics for Jurapark Aargau (top) with n = 1065 and Park Beverin (bottom) with n = 767.

For Park Beverin, media in 2000–2002 was dominated by the topic agriculture. From 2002 to 2007, winter recreation & tourism was the focus of news media attention. In the years 2009 and 2012 park planning & management was a popular topic. From the year 2019 news media was dominated by the topic wolf.

Figure 4 shows the share of articles per topic per type of news media. For Jurapark Aargau, there is no clearly dominant topic in terms of article share. However, a few observations can be made. The topics park tourism, local events and nuclear waste depository seem to be covered the most by magazines. Regional/local newspapers preferentially discuss the topics park management and activities in landscape. Regional politics are covered more by national and online media.

Figure 4. Share of articles per topic per type of news media for Jurapark Aargau (top) and Park Beverin (bottom).

For Park Beverin, the wolf topic in general shows this highest article share and is picked up most by online news media and least by magazines. The latter prefer recreation & tourism, as reflected by the large share of articles on this topic. Park planning & management is the focus of attention especially in national news media followed by regional/local news media. The share of articles on winter recreation & tourism is highest in regional/local news media. The least discussed topic, despite its importance to local stakeholders, is agriculture mostly represented in magazines followed by national news media.

Close reading

In the following, we describe the actors, themes emerging for each topic in more detail and illustrate them using translated exemplary quotations (B-Qn or J-Qn) from the news media articles below (Original quotes in German, and their translations, for all quotes are found in Tables B4 and B5). Tables B2 and B3 in Appendix B provide an overview of the coding system for the two selected topics.

Main actors and themes in discourses on the wolf topic in Park Beverin

The (1) actors who appeared most frequently included environmental organisations, gamekeepers, government actors, scientists and experts, recreationists, agricultural actors, and tourism organisations.

The main themes were: (2) urban-rural divide, (3) nature conservation including human-wolf coexistence and the distribution of information on the wolf, as well as wolf tourism, (4) wolf impact on society including damage as well as fear and danger caused by wolves, and (5) wolf management with regards to legislation changes, wolf population control and herd protection measures. Media articles included in our qualitative content analysis were spread over different types of newspapers.

(1) Actors

A plethora of distinct actors contribute to the formation of diverging wolf discourses in Park Beverin. Actors show different, often opposing values and perspectives with regard to the return of the wolf, indicating a social conflict regarding wolves. Our results suggest that this conflict revolves around opposed viewpoints at opposite ends of a continuum – from pro wolf to against wolf – with actors taking different positions on this scale.

Agricultural actors including livestock farmers and shepherds are generally against the wolf, with their position mainly emerging from fear due to the increasing wolf population (B-Q1), posing a threat to personal security in the fields (B-Q2) and security of livelihoods through livestock killings (B-Q3). The supposed danger of wolves towards humans is also discussed in the context of recreation (B-Q4).

Encounters between wolves and humans, as well as numerous livestock killings, trigger governmental actors to take action towards wolf population control (B-Q5) executed by game­keepers (B-Q6) and directed towards wolves exhibiting what is termed problematic behaviour (B-Q7, B-Q8). Although environmental organisations agree on the regulation of problematic wolves, they also emphasise their existential rights as a native species in Switzerland (B-Q9) and therefore take a somewhat more neutral position on the pro wolf - against wolf scale. The same applies to scientists whose role mainly is to gather and/or distribute information on wolves e.g. their genetic identification (B-Q10).

Our results also identify, on the pro wolf side of the scale, organisations that benefit from their emergence. These include tourism organisations, who see potential for wolf tourism (B-Q11, B-Q12).

(2) Urban – rural divide

Our media corpus documents contrasting values and perceptions regarding the wolf in urban and rural areas. The discourse showed a large disparity between the ‘Unterländer’ (lowlanders) and ‘Bergbewohner’ (mountain inhabitants) (B-Q13). This discourse was dominated by rural people who perceive a lack of understanding from urban people regarding life in rural areas (B-Q14 - B-Q16).

B-Q15: We have a different relationship with our cows and sheep than a lowlander has with his cat or dog. (derbund.ch, 05.2020)

The rural discourse emerges from the different degrees to which people are directly affected by the wolves’ comeback. While this comeback is perceived to be a threat to the livelihoods of rural people, the wolf is perceived as part of untouched nature visited by urban people for recreational purposes (B-Q17, B-Q18).

(3) Nature conservation

Another main theme throughout our news media corpus was the wolves’ comeback as nature conservation success (B-Q19). Wolves – and any other animal species – add value to ecosystems and specifically contribute to regulating the red deer population and thus protect mountain forests (B-Q20, B-Q21).

B-Q22: The wolf, however, has come to stay. (NZZ, 11.2019)

This fact likely influenced the need for providing information on the return of the wolf as a native species after extinction in Switzerland (B-Q23, B-Q24), habitat suitability and capacity in Switzerland (B-Q25, B-Q26), general information on food needs (B-Q27) and behaviour of wolves (B-Q28 - B-Q30).

Information provision and thus the creation of a learning environment among stakeholders was considered critical for working towards co-existence (B-Q31). This learning environment, especially targeted to agricultural actors, however needs a strong base (B-Q32).

B-Q32: The basis for this is, among other things, herd protection, good remuneration for sufficient alpine staff and financial support for livestock farmers with scientific monitoring and advice. (NZZ, 10.2021)

On a more general note regarding co-existence, our media corpus reveals official communication of governmental actors e.g. FOEN or cantons on how to behave when encountering a wolf (B-Q33, B-Q34). This information is not only relevant to agricultural actors but also e.g. recreationists that either accidentally encounter a wolf (B-Q35) or – as wolf enthusiasts - are actively searching for signs of the predator (B-Q36).

(4) Wolf impact on society

A central part of the diverging wolf discourses in Park Beverin reflects the discourse around the impact wolves have on society. This impact plays a role on an emotional level and is often expressed through fear and the feeling of danger (B-Q37, B-Q38) regarding oneself, other people including e.g. recreationists (B-Q39) or children (B-Q40), and livestock (B-Q41). On an emotional-physical level, discourses on wolf impact included wolf damage in the form of attacks on or killings of livestock (B-Q42, B-Q43).

Agricultural actors frequently cited the damage caused by wolves in arguing for stricter wolf management measures (B-Q44).

(5) Wolf management

Wolf management issues are another frequently discussed topic in our news media corpus, including legislation, wolf population control and herd protection.

Legislation concerns e.g. subsidies for herd protection measures (B-Q45) but mainly concerns changes in hunting regulations or the Swiss hunting law to lower the threshold for wolf population control (B-Q46), ascribed to increasing wolf populations that cause damage on livestock and evoke fear and danger to people (B-Q37, B-Q40, B-Q42, B-Q43).

Discrepancies between the Nationalrat (National Council) and Ständerat (Council of States) regarding wolf population control in hunting ban or wildlife protection areas initially hampered those changes that would allow for an increase in legal wolf shootings (B-Q47). Illegal wolf killings are mentioned in our corpus as an alternative wolf population control measure with stakeholders taking the law into their own hands prior to legislative changes (B-Q48, B-Q49).

Our news media corpus also mentions herd protection as a tool for wolf management. Herd protection includes electric fences, guard dogs, increasing the amount of workforce (B-Q50), an SMS warning system for agricultural actors (B-Q51) or avoidance of pasture births (B-Q52).

Main actors and themes in discourses on the activities in landscape topic in Jurapark Aargau

The main actors (1) in the analysed material included Jurapark and its representatives, parents and children, and local businesses, organisations and governments.

The main themes were: (2) nature and cultural heritage, especially with regards to the conservation of cultural heritage and practices, descriptions of landscapes and cultural heritage, and sense of place, and (3) regional (sustainable) development. Media articles included in our qualitative content analysis were dominated by regional/local newspapers, and specifically the ‘Aargauer Zeitung’.

(1) Actors

There are distinct actor groups that play a role in the topic activities in landscape in Jurapark Aargau. The Jurapark itself was often associated with the organisation of activities or events (J-Q1 - J-Q3) and the realisation of new recreational infrastructure (J-Q4, J-Q5) in the park.

Events and activities are visited by the second actor group in the park – the event participants – that are depicted as interested in different kinds of educational components of the events including culinary experiences (J-Q6, J-Q7), information on the history of the landscape as well as local flora and fauna (J-Q7, J-Q8). Activities and events are often targeted towards families or explicitly welcome parents and their children (J-Q9 - J-Q12).

Another distinct actor group is formed by local businesses, organisations and governments (J-Q13 - J-Q17). These include amongst others commercial actors such as Winzerin (winemaker) (J-Q15), NGOs ‘Pro Natura Aargau’ and ‘Aargauer Heimatschutz’ (J-Q16) and political actors in the form of the Gemeinde (municipality) (J-Q17) and are mainly associated with themes discussed below related to nature and cultural heritage.

(2) Nature and cultural heritage

Discussions of nature and cultural heritage were frequently associated with the conservation of cultural landscapes and practices. This especially concerned maintenance, reconstruction and conservation of cultural heritage such as Bruchsteinmauern (dry stone walls) (J-Q18) or the Burgruine Schenkenberg (castle ruin Schenkenberg) (J-Q19).

Activities described in our media corpus showed a clear educational character targeted towards conservation of the natural and cultural landscape. These activities included among others excursions or guided hikes to cultural heritage (J-Q20 - J-Q23) and natural heritage including local flora or fauna (J-Q2, J-Q3, J-Q8). Activities are also offered during events where local traditions e.g. Bogenschiessen (archery) (J-Q24) crafts and produce (J-Q25, J-Q26) are offered.

The theme of nature and cultural heritage is also frequently expressed in our media corpus in terms of descriptions of landscapes and cultural heritage, including descriptions of natural and cultural landscapes (J-Q27 - J-Q30), cultural heritage sites (J-Q31, J-Q32), and flora and fauna (J-Q33 - J-Q36). These descriptions were sometimes interlinked with a certain sense of place related to the natural and cultural landscapes of the Jurapark (J-Q37, J-Q38):

J-Q37: I am very connected with my favourite place, Gipf-Oberfrick, also emotionally. I was able to spend a wonderful childhood here. In terms of quality of life, it’s a wonderful place to grow up. (SRF, 04.2021)

(3) Regional development

The regional development that was evident in the analysed articles was regularly linked to park marketing including promoting regional products (J-Q39) e.g. the development of Perimuk - the park mascot whose shape is based on the park perimeters (J-Q40) – and is used as a marketing tool whose presence increases public awareness of Jurapark through e.g. the development of a children’s book (J-Q41, J-Q42) and a themed hiking path (J-Q43).

Regional development also found expression through recreational infrastructure developments e.g. children’s playgrounds (J-Q44) and hiking paths (J-Q43), initiatives targeted towards the improvement of quality of life in urban areas (J-Q45) as well as the sustainable development of agriculture e.g. increase of biological wine production (J-Q46) and natural and cultural heritage (J-Q47) in Jurapark.

Concluding discussion

Our starting point in this study was a desire to illustrate the use of multiscalar methods to explore news media discourses about protected areas. We use our approach to analyse the content of media discourses about two Swiss parks at differing scales – first identifying dominant topics within the parks and exploring their development over time, before zooming in on two specific topics and performing a qualitative content analysis as a first step to understanding the discourses therein.

Combining insights from close and distant reading using a multiscalar approach

When obtaining news media articles from Swissdox, we used park names (e.g. ‘Beverin’ or ‘Jurapark Aargau’) and thus park labels. If relevant articles for the study area did not use these labels, we could not retrieve them. Using more place names would address this limitation (c.f. Chesnokova & Purves, 2018) and increase recall (that is, the number of potentially relevant articles in the database that we find), at the cost of precision (since more articles would discuss irrelevant topics, for example related to incidents occurring in, but not related to, the parks).

Our distant reading suggests that Jurapark Aargau is subject to a greater diversity of topics than Park Beverin, which is unexpected when revisiting our search terms. The search term ‘Beverin’ is not as specifically targeted towards the nature park itself as Jurapark Aargau, and we assumed it would therefore lead to more non-park related news media articles and more variety in topics.

This was not the case and news media articles about Park Beverin focus primarily on processes within the park and mainly related to the wolf. The wolf being a ‘hot topic’ with the highest article share compared to the other topics, may have caused overrepresentation of this issue at the expense of other important issues in the park. A study by Berger and Milkman (2012) suggests that online virality is positively linked to newspaper content characterised by anxiety, awe, and anger - as is the case with debates around the wolf in Switzerland (c.f. Heinzer, 2020). This effect can also be explained by the commercial nature of news media outlets with more sensationalistic topics driving online revenue (Bednarek & Caple, 2014). It may also be explained by marketing activities or communications by specific and powerful stakeholder groups (e.g. Vogler & Schäfer, 2020). Our distant reading results indicate that the wolf has gained a large amount of media attention in online media, especially from 2019 onwards, the date of the establishment of the first wolf pack in the park (CHWolf, 2022).

Close reading points out the existence of conflict and debate about the topic of the wolf, due to encounters with recreationists or farmers and farm animals, sparking debates among different actor groups in society (e.g. agricultural actors and environmental organisations) about the extent wolves ‘belong’ in particular locations in Switzerland. Similar observations have been made in Nordic countries, where the impact of wolf populations on livelihoods and lifestyles quickly mobilised dissent, especially where the safety of domestic animals was concerned (von Essen, Hansen, Nordström Källström, Peterson, & Peterson, 2014). This debate points to a need to understand different discourses in society to ease conflicts related to e.g. resistance to conservation measures among various stakeholder groups (von Essen, 2017).

Jurapark Aargau has a much richer and more diverse set of topics, with no one clear dominant topic in terms of article share. News media in Jurapark Aargau focus not only on processes within the park but also includes topics about the park. This is reflected by topics related to regional politics and park management, the latter showing a major attention peak in the news media in 2010, most likely discussing political processes and discourses around the formation of Jurapark Aargau in 2012. Recently, the park expanded to include 8 new municipalities, again captured by a peak in attention in the media in 2020, related to popular votes, an integral part of the Swiss political system.

The topic activities in landscape – which we used as an example for our close reading in this study – played an important role throughout the years with a peak in attention in the years 2012–2015, the first years after Jurapark was established in 2012 (Jurapark Aargau, Jurapark Aargau, 2022). Jurapark Aargau is – as Park Beverin – a regional nature park aimed at the protection of rural landscapes and cultural heritage and the promotion of a sustainable regional economic development (Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN), 2015), both of which were frequent themes in the qualitative content analysis. The regional marketing of products produced in the park and nature-based tourism are explicitly expected (Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN), 2015), and our material clearly shows evidence fulfilling these expectations e.g. organisation of activities and events with an educational character such as wine hikes and the Naturpark Märet (nature park market). Distant reading revealed that the topic was mainly covered in regional/local newspapers, and specifically Aargauer Zeitung, as our close reading corroborates. Regional/local newspapers are likely a good medium to create awareness among local inhabitants with regards to those activities and events, contributing to meeting the parks aims. This discourse is quite different to that in Park Beverin, with locals being informed about possibilities to engage with the Jurapark Aargau in a way which seems rare in Park Beverin. This result suggests differences in the ways in which the parks are perceived as important in their constituent regions, with potential implications for communication about the parks’ roles locally.

Methodological considerations

Our article relies on the availability of digital resources, often termed big data (Boyd & Crawford, 2012). One important characteristic of big data is diversity; however, this aspect is ignored in much ongoing research using these data in environmentally related analyses. Many current studies use social media data to explore landscape values and discourse through top-down methods to aggregate and classify posts, with little regard to the nature of language or discourse (e.g. Van Zanten et al., 2016; Langemeyer, Calcagni, & Baró, 2018). An important step forward is therefore the use of more complex narrative forms in computational analysis of the relationships between humans and their environment. Despite the prominence of news media in exploring environmental discourses, this source has been the subject of surprisingly little computational investigation for landscape planning and management.

Our multiscalar approach has several benefits. Computational distant reading is easily scalable, allowing analysis of thousands of articles to reveal topics for which word clouds are produced. Nonetheless, these topics then require expert interpretation, with local knowledge being important. Close reading of individual articles on our dominant topics revealed a wealth of detail about the ongoing media discourse in each park and topic, which is not possible on the scale of computational methods. This back and forth between computational methods and more detailed interpretation and readings, combined with inputs from local experts is often missing in research aiming to exploit new data sources, and forms a central pillar of our findings (c.f. Purves, Koblet, & Adams, 2022). Our study was carried out in German, and thus focused on local debates about the parks being studied. Since close reading requires that we interpret written material, we could not include articles in Romansch, a language spoken in some areas of Park Beverin. This is important since language is also associated with culture, and assuming that a single language reflects all of the ways in which landscape is valued is problematic (c.f. Blasi, Henrich, Adamou, Kemmerer, & Majid, 2022; Van Putten et al., 2020). In turn, there are limitations in the ways in which we can report on German discourses, which can be interpreted not only literally, but also culturally and metaphorically (Lakoff & Johnson, 2008; Lotman, 1990) in English.

Finally, our chosen approach to exploring discourse about parks in Swiss media - qualitative content analysis - focussed on identifying actors and themes through a deductive-inductive annotation process. Although this approach allowed us to analyse these texts in more depth than was possible computationally, its focus still lies on analysing the content of the articles, and leaves room for richer explorations of the societal context in which discourses related to Swiss parks take place.

Acknowledgements

Support for the research reported in this article was provided by the ValPar.ch project commissioned by the Swiss Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN). For this publication, use was made of media data made available via Swissdox@LiRI by the Linguistic Research Infrastructure of the University of Zurich (see https://www.liri.uzh.ch/en/services/swissdox.html for more information).

Disclosure statement

No potential competing interest was reported by the authors.

Data availability statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available from Swissdox@LiRi. Restrictions apply to the availability of these data, which were used under licence for this study. Derived data used in the analyses reported in this article are available along with the related code at: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.25908934.

Additional information

Funding

This work was commissioned by the Swiss Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN) and supported by the ValPar.ch project.

Notes on contributors

Franziska Komossa

Franziska Komossa is a researcher (Oberassistentin) in the Department of Geography at the University of Zurich, Switzerland. She is an environmental geographer with an interest in human-environment interactions. Her research focuses on interdisciplinary approaches – including spatial analysis as well as statistical analysis – for assessing landscape perception, (cultural) ecosystem services/nature’s contributions to people and the (sustainable) use of land.

Inhye Kong

Inhye Kong is a postdoctoral researcher in the Department of Geography at the University of Zurich, Switzerland. She is primarily interested in investigating landscape semantics, including meanings and values, for better implementation of landscape conservation policy. She is particularly interested in interpreting collective human semantics towards landscape using geospatial and text analysis with unstructured text corpora.

Ross Stuart Purves

Ross Stuart Purves is a professor in the Department of Geography at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, leading his own research group in Geocomputation unit. His research interests are central to exploring ways of modelling, representing and analysing geographic information through rich spatial and textual data. << Unlocking Environmental Narratives: Towards Understanding Human Environmental Interactions through Computational Text Analysis >> is one of his most recent publications.

Appendices

Appendix A: Distant reading

Figure A1a. Coherence and exclusivity indices for STM with different k for Jurapark Aargau (left) and Park Beverin (right).

Figure A1b. Word clouds (here: 20 words per topic) emerging from STM and labelled by experts for Jurapark Aargau (left) and Park Beverin (right).

Table A1. Topics emerging from STM and labelled by experts.

Topic #	Jurapark Aargau			Park Beverin
	Topic label	Top terms	In English	Topic label	Top terms	In English
1	Activities in landscape**	Kind Weg Wanderung Jahr	Child Way Hike Year	Wolf	Wolf Tier Rudel Schaaf	Wolf Animal Pack Sheep
2	Regional politics	Franken Gemeinderat Gemeinde Franke	Francs Municipal council Municipality Franc	Park planning & management	Gemeinde Kanton Projekt Pärke	Municipality Canton Project Parks
3	Park tourism*	Jahr Pärke Tourismus Region	Year Parcs Tourism Region	Recreation & tourism*	Metre Stunde Dorf Route	Metre Hour Village Route
4	Local events	Uhr Mai Jahr Kind	Clock May Year Child	Winter recreation & tourism*	Abfahrt Ski Rang cm	Downhill Ski rank cm
5	Park management	Gemeinde Projekt Jahr Kanton	Municipality Project Year Canton	Agriculture	Hof Kind Tier Landwirtschaft	Farm Child Animal Agriculture
6	Nuclear waste repository	Region Tiefenlager Produkt Standort	Region Nuclear waste repository Product Location	Not meaningful
7	Not meaningful			Not meaningful
8	Not meaningful			Not meaningful

Note:.

* Topics that are similar among parks.

** Topics analysed in close reading.

Appendix B.

Close reading

Deductive and inductive coding

Table B1. Deductive coding system on discourses about Swiss parks of national importance – with a focus on regional parks - derived from academic literature.

Deductive category	Comment	Reference
Actors and their relationships	Different actor groups play a role in Swiss parks of national importance, including e.g. local residents, NGOs and governmental officials. Plurality of stakeholder groups can lead to diverging discourses about parks (e.g. Michel & Bruggmann, 2019).	Michel and Bruggmann (2019); Michel et al. (2022); Gerber et al. (2018); Michel and Backhaus (2019)
Regional development	Regional parks of national importance aim to promote sustainable regional development (BAFU, 2023).	Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN) (2023); Ritzel, Hoop, Portmann, Wallner, and Mack (2023); Weixlbaumer, Hammer, Mose, and Siegrist (2020); Hirschi (2010)
Conservation of nature and cultural heritage	Regional parks, aim to protect large and often sparsely populated areas characterised by the richness of their natural and cultural landscape (BAFU, 2023).	Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN) (2023); Gerber et al. (2018); Weixlbaumer et al. (2020)
Governance of parks	Swiss parks of national importance are instruments to Swiss Federal legislation or governance structures that were introduced as a bottom up form of landscape protection (Weixlbaumer, Siegrist, Mose, & Hammer, 2015).	Gerber, (2018); Weixlbaumer et al. (2015); Hirschi (2010); Pleger, Lutz, and Sager (2018); Schenk, Hunziker, and Kienast (2007)

Table B2. Coding system for the topic ‘wolf’ in Park Beverin derived qualitative content analysis (after Kuckartz, 2014).

Main actors and themes	Categories	Subcategories/‘in vivo’ coding (selection)
(1) Actors	Environmental organisations	Environmental organisations in Switzerland such as ‘Pro Natura’; ‘Birdlife’; ‘WWF’ and societies such as ‘Wolf Schweiz’ (English: ‘wolf Switzerland’).
	Gamekeepers	‘Wildhüter’ (English: ‘gamekeeper’); ‘Jäger’ (English: ‘hunters’).
	Government actors	Federal Office for the Environment; Office for hunting and fishing, office for the environment; Office of Food Safety and Animal Health; ‘der Kanton’ (English: ‘the canton’).
	Scientists and experts	‘Biologen’ (English: ‘biologists’); experts at different animal hospitals; tour guides of wolf tours.
	Recreationists	Hiking groups; ‘Bergtouristen’ (English: ‘mountain tourists’).
	Agricultural actors	Shepherds; livestock farmers; farmer associations e.g. ‘Der Schweizerische Alpwirtschaftliche Verband’ (English: ‘The Swiss Alpine Farming Association’).
	Tourism organisations	National and regional tourism organisations including ‘Schweiz Tourismus’ (English: ‘tourism Switzerland’) and ‘Wallis Tourismus’ (English: ‘tourism in Wallis’).
(2) Urban – rural divide		‘Bergbewohner’ (English: ‘mountain inhabitants’); Unterländer’ (English: ‘lowlanders’); differences in perception of the wolf.
(3) Nature conservation	Information about the wolf	Information on the return of the wolf; Switzerland as wolf habitat; wolf behaviour; food demand of wolves.
	Coexistence	Information on how to behave when encountering a wolf; accepting the wolf as part of Swiss nature; governmental compensation of livestock farmers and shepherds for dead livestock under herd protection.
	Wolf tourism	‘Wolfstour’ (English: ‘wolftour’); ‘Ökotourismus’ (English: ‘eco-tourism’); ‘Raubtier-Tourismus’ (English: ‘preditor-tourism’); searching for animal traces.
(4) Wolf impact on society	Damages caused by wolves	Killed or wounded livestock; wolf attacking guard dog.
	Fear and danger caused by wolves	Wolf as a danger to recreationists, farmers and alpine shepherds; ‘Angst’ (English: ‘fear’)
(5) Wolf management	Legislation changes	‘Jagdverordnung’ (English: ‘hunting regulation’); ‘Jagdgesetz’ (English: ‘hunting law’); criteria for legal wolf shooting; designated areas for wildlife protection and hunting restrictions.
	Wolf population control	Illegal wolf killing; legal shooting of wolves with problematic behaviour; legal shootings to scare wolves; regulating wolf packs.
	Herd protection	Electrical fences; guard dogs; no calving on the fields; SMS system for agricultural actors.

Table B3. Coding system for the topic ‘activities in landscape’ in Jurapark Aargau derived qualitative content analysis (after Kuckartz, 2014).

Main actors and themes	Categories	Subcategories/ ‘in vivo’ coding (selection)
(1) Actors	Jurapark	Jurapark as an organisation and its representatives.
	Event participants	Participants of organised hikes, events and markets. ‘Wein- und Naturliebhaber’ (English: ‘wine and nature lovers’); ‘Wanderer’ (English: ‘hikers’); ‘Teilnehmer’ (English: ‘participants’); ‘Besucher’ (English: ‘visitors’).
	Parents and children	‘Familien’ (English: ‘families’); ‘Elternverein’ (English: ‘parents association’); ‘Kinder’ (English: ‘children’).
	Local businesses, organisations and governments	Local businesses consisting of e.g. ‘Winzerin’ (English: ‘winemaker’); local organisations such as ‘Verband Aargauer Obstproduzenten’ (English: ‘Association of Aargau Fruit Producers’); environmental organisations e.g. ‘Creanatira’ and ‘Pro Natura’; local governments in terms of ‘Gemeinde’ (English: ‘municipality’) and ‘Gemeinderat’ (English: ‘municipal council’).
(2) Nature and cultural heritage	Conservation of cultural landscapes and practices	Maintenance, reconstruction and conservation of e.g. ‘Trockensteinmauern’ (English: ‘dry stone walls’) or ‘Hochstammobstbäume’ (English: ‘high stem fruit trees’); activities and events with an educational character e.g. ‘Nachtvögel Lauschwanderung’ (English: ‘night bird listening hike’), ‘Weinwanderung’ (English: ‘wine hike’); local crafts and local produce e.g. made of local cherries or grapes.
	Descriptions of landscapes and cultural heritage	Descriptions of both natural and cultural landscapes and landscape elements e.g. about ‘Ruine Schenkenberg’ (English: ‘ Schenkenberg ruins’) or ‘blühende Kirschbäume’ (English: ‘blooming cherry trees’).
	Sense of place	Descriptions of sense of place e.g. ‘Herzensort’ (English: ‘place of the heart’), ‘der perfekte Ort’ (English: ‘the perfect place’).
(3) Regional development		Marketing e.g. ‘Perimuk’ the park mascotte, and events e.g. ‘Jurapark Fest’ (English: ‘Jurapark festival’); labels e.g. park label and the label ‘Energiestadt’ (English: ‘energy city’); sustainable development through among others infrastructure developments e.g. playgrounds and themed hiking paths such as ‘Perimuk-Weg’ (English: ‘Perimuk path’, improvement of living environment and quality of life, and increase in sustainable agricultural practices such as biological viticulture, here: ‘Bio-Reben’ (English. ‘biological winevines’).

Qualitative content analysis

Table B4. Quotes (B-Qn) from news media articles for the topic ‘wolf’ in Park Beverin in original German language and as an English translation.

B-Qn	Quotes in original German language	English translation of quotes
‘wolf’
B-Q1	‘Die Angst durch die Wolfspräsenz sei zu gross geworden, sagten Landwirte’. (NZZ, 10.2021)	‘Farmers said that the fear caused by the presence of wolves had become too much’.
B-Q2	‘Einige Tage vor dem Vorfall oberhalb Sufers war es auf einer anderen Alp am Schamserberg (oberhalb Zillis und Andeer) zu zwei gefährlichen Begegnungen einer Hirtin mit Wölfen gekommen, wie der Kanton Graubünden am 25. August mitteilte’. (NZZ, 10.2021)	‘A few days before the incident above Sufers, a shepherdess had two dangerous encounters with wolves on another alp on the Schamserberg (above Zillis and Andeer), as the canton of Graubünden reported on 25 August’.
B-Q3	‘Bleibt der Wolf – geht der Bauer – stirbt die Alm und dein Erholungsraum’. (derbund.ch, 05.2020)	‘If the wolf stays - the farmer goes - the mountain pasture and your recreational area die’.
B-Q4	‘Vier Wölfe liefen einer Gruppe Wanderer im Naturpark über den Weg – und verfolgten sie über mehrere Meter’. (Thuner Tagblatt, 09.2021)	‘Four wolves crossed the path of a group of hikers in the nature park - and chased them for several metres’.
B-Q5	‘Nach mehreren gefährlichen Begegnungen zwischen Wölfen und Menschen sowie Schafsrissen hat das Bundesamt für Umwelt dem Kanton Graubündens nun die Zustimmung erteilt’. (bazonline.ch, 09.2021, text 332)	‘After several dangerous encounters between wolves and humans as well as sheep kills, the Federal Office for the Environment has now given its approval to the canton of Graubünden’.
B-Q6	‘Die Wildhüter würden die entsprechende Bestandesregulation vornehmen’. (NZZ, 09.2021)	‘The gamekeepers would regulate the population accordingly’.
B-Q7	‘Gegen Wölfe und Wolfsrudel, die sich im Vergleich zu anderen problematisch verhalten und trotz Herdenschutz grosse Schäden verursachen oder Menschen gefährden, sind Abschüsse möglich’. (NZZ, 10.2021)	‘Wolves and wolf packs, which behave problematically compared to others and cause major damage or endanger people despite herd protection, can be shot’.
B-Q8	‘Selbst Umweltverbände befürworten deshalb Abschüsse von «besonders schadenstiftenden Wölfen» sowie «Eingriffe in Wolfsrudel mit problematischem Verhalten», wie sie diese Woche in einer gemeinsamen Stellungnahme schrieben’. (Berner Zeitung, 10.2021)	‘Even environmental organisations are therefore in favour of shooting «particularly harmful wolves» and «interventions in wolf packs with problematic behaviour», as they wrote in a joint statement this week’.
B-Q9	‘Gleichzeitig betonen die Organisationen, dass das Existenzrecht regionaler Wolfsbestände als einheimische Tierart in der Schweiz nicht verhandelbar sei: «Eine erneute Ausrottung ist kein Thema.»’ (NZZ, 10.2021)	‘At the same time, the organisations emphasise that the right of regional wolf populations to exist as a native species in Switzerland is not negotiable: «Renewed eradication is not an option.»’
B-Q10	‘Beide Wölfe werden nun im Tierspital der Universität Bern untersucht. Die genetische Identifikation wird an der Universität in Lausanne vorgenommen’. (SRF, 11.2019)	‘Both wolves are now being examined at the University of Bern’s animal hospital. Genetic identification will be carried out at the University of Lausanne’.
B-Q11	‘Es gebe viel zu wenig solche Angebote, die Schweiz verpasse so den Trend zum Ökotourismus’. (Berner Zeitung, 10.2021)	‘There are far too few such offers and Switzerland is missing out on the trend towards ecotourism’.
B-Q12	‘100 Franken hat jeder Teilnehmer für die eintägige Wolfstour bezahlt. Sie möchten den faszinierenden Tieren näher sein, mehr über sie erfahren’. (Berner Zeitung, 10.2021)	‘Each participant paid 100 francs for the one-day wolf tour. They want to get closer to these fascinating animals and learn more about them’.
B-Q13	‘Der Konflikt zwischen den Bauern und dem Wolf erzählt viel über die Unterschiedlichkeit der Bergbewohner und der Unterländer’. (derbund.ch, 05.2020)	‘The conflict between the farmers and the wolf tells us a lot about the differences between the mountain inhabitants and the lowlanders’.
B-Q14	‘Ich verstehe, dass die Unterländer finden, der Wolf sei cool und schön. Aber kehren wir das Ganze doch einmal um: Wenn wir jetzt zwanzig Krokodile in den Zürichsee werfen und verlangen, dass sie am Leben bleiben, haben wir die gleiche Situation wie beim Wolf.’ (Sonntagsblick, 09.2021)	‘I understand that the lowlanders think the wolf is cool and beautiful. But let’s turn the whole thing around: If we now throw twenty crocodiles into Lake Zurich and demand that they stay alive, we’ll have the same situation as with the wolf’.
B-Q15	‘Wir haben ein anderes Verhältnis zu unseren Kühen und Schafen als ein Unterländer zu seiner Katze oder seinem Hund’. (derbund.ch, 05.2020)	‘We have a different relationship with our cows and sheep than a lowlander has with his cat or dog’.
B-Q16	‘Die Bauern fürchten sich darum vor dem Sommer. Dann, wenn die Menschen aus dem Unterland wieder zahlreich über ihre Wiesen wandern. Manche mit Mountainbikes, manche mit ihren Hunden, und alle ohne Kenntnisse, wie einer aggressiven, vom Wolf beunruhigten Mutterkuhherde zu begegnen ist.’ (derbund.ch, 05.2020)	‘That’s why farmers dread the summer. That’s when people from the lowlands start wandering across their meadows in large numbers again. Some on mountain bikes, some with their dogs, and all without any knowledge of how to deal with an aggressive herd of suckler cows alarmed by a wolf.’
B-Q17	‘[…] hinter jedem Nutztier stehe ein Mensch, der seinen Lebensunterhalt damit bestreite, der aber auch in einer Beziehung zu ihm stehe’. (derbund.ch, 05.2020)	‘[…] behind every farm animal is a person who makes a living from it, but who also has a relationship with it’.
B-Q18	‘Da die Bauern, die die Hänge bearbeiten und vom Ertrag leben müssen. Dort die Unterländer, die die Natur möglichst unberührt geniessen wollen. Und dazu gehört eben auch der Wolf, der schon immer Teil der Bergwelt war und für viele Menschen eine symbolische Bedeutung eingenommen hat.’ (derbund.ch, 05.2020)	‘There are the farmers who work the slopes and have to live off the yield. There are the lowlanders, who want to enjoy nature as unspoilt as possible. And that includes the wolf, which has always been part of the mountain world and has a symbolic meaning for many people.’
B-Q19	‘[…] die Rückkehr des Wolfs [ist] für den Naturschutz zweifellos ein Riesenerfolg […]’ (NZZ, 11.2019)	‘[…] the return of the wolf [is] undoubtedly a huge success for nature conservation […]’
B-Q20	‘Jede Tierart schaffe Mehrwerte im Ökosystem. So helfe der Wolf bei der Regulierung des Rothirsches und trage so zum Erhalt von Berg- und Schutzwald bei’. (NZZ, 10.2010)	‘Every animal species creates added value in the ecosystem. For example, the wolf helps to regulate the red deer and thus contributes to the preservation of mountain and protection forests’.
B-Q21	‘Dennoch: «Jedes Jahr werden bei uns zu wenig Rothirsche geschossen», erklärt Schnidrig weiter. In einigen Kantonen gebe es Anfang Winter Sonderjagden, doch diese dürften in Territorien von Wolfsrudeln zunehmend unnötig werden’. (derbund.ch, 11.2019)	‘Nevertheless: «too few red deer are shot here every year», Schnidrig continues. In some cantons, there are special hunts at the beginning of winter, but these are likely to become increasingly unnecessary in wolf pack territories’.
B-Q22	‘Der Wolf indes ist gekommen, um zu bleiben’. (NZZ, 11.2019)	‘The wolf, however, has come to stay’.
B-Q23	‘Schon ab den 1980er Jahren waren Wölfe aus dem Apennin stetig nordwärts gezogen. Die Tiere liessen sich im alpinen Grenzgebiet zwischen Italien und Frankreich nieder und gründeten dort bald die ersten Rudel. Wie bei Wölfen üblich, begab sich der Nachwuchs bei einsetzender Geschlechtsreife auf Wanderschaft. Es war nur eine Frage der Zeit, bis diese «Halbstarken» die Schweiz erreichten.’ (NZZ, 11.2019)	‘Wolves had been steadily moving northwards from the Apennines since the 1980s. The animals settled in the Alpine border region between Italy and France and soon established their first packs there. As is usual with wolves, the offspring began to migrate when they reached sexual maturity. It was only a matter of time before these «juveniles» reached Switzerland.’
B-Q24	‘Seit 1995 tauchen die geschickten Grossraubtiere mit den auffällig gelben Augen und dem charakteristischen Geheul in der Schweiz wieder auf. Vor sieben Jahren bekam das Calanda-Rudel erstmals Nachwuchs’. (derbund.ch, 11.2019)	‘Since 1995, these skilful large carnivores with their striking yellow eyes and characteristic howl have been reappearing in Switzerland. Seven years ago, the Calanda pack had offspring for the first time’.
B-Q25	‘Denn der anpassungsfähige Wolf findet in der Schweiz einen idealen Lebensraum vor: viel Nahrung und keine natürlichen Feinde. Der Mensch ist für ihn kaum mehr eine Gefahr’. (derbund.ch, 05.2020)	‘Because the adaptable wolf finds an ideal habitat in Switzerland: plenty of food and no natural enemies. Humans are hardly a threat to them anymore’.
B-Q26	‘Berechnungen zeigen, dass es hierzulande sogar genügend Lebensraum für 300 Tiere in 50 bis 60 Rudeln hätte’. (derbund.ch, 11.2019)	‘Calculations show that there would even be enough habitat for 300 animals in 50 to 60 packs in this country’.
B-Q27	‘Denn der Wolf ist und bleibt ein eigensinniges Raubtier mit einem grossen Fleischbedarf. Im Durchschnitt vertilgt er rund 3,5 Kilogramm Nahrung pro Tag. Obwohl er meistens Wildtiere wie Rothirsche, Rehe oder Gämsen frisst, fallen ihm auch Schafe und Ziegen zum Opfer.’ (derbund.ch, 11.2019)	‘Because the wolf is and remains a stubborn predator with a great need for meat. On average, it devours around 3.5 kilograms of food per day. Although it mostly eats wild animals such as red deer, roe deer and chamois, it also preys on sheep and goats’.
B-Q28	‘Denn in der Regel seien sie scheu und zögen sich zurück, wenn sie Menschen gewittert hätten’. (derbund.ch, 11.2019)	‘Because they are usually shy and retreat when they smell humans’.
B-Q29	‘Der Wolf jagt entweder im Rudel oder allein’. (derbund.ch, 11.2019)	‘The wolf hunts either in a pack or alone’.
B-Q30	‘Die Wölfin wurde von anderen Wölfen getötet – wohl beim Kampf ums Territorium’. (Berner Zeitung, 10.2021)	‘The she-wolf was killed by other wolves - probably while fighting for territory’.
B-Q31	‘Das Ziel müsse sein, ein Lernumfeld zu schaffen, in dem die Beteiligten ihr Wissen einbringen würden’. (NZZ, 10.2021)	‘The aim must be to create a learning environment in which those involved can contribute their knowledge’.
B-Q32	‘Grundlage dafür seien unter anderem der Herdenschutz, eine gute Entlöhnung von genügend Alppersonal und die finanzielle Unterstützung der Nutztierhaltenden mit wissenschaftlicher Begleitung und Beratung’. (NZZ, 10.2021)	‘The basis for this is, among other things, herd protection, good remuneration for sufficient alpine staff and financial support for livestock farmers with scientific monitoring and advice’.
B-Q33	‘Der Kanton hat für Begegnungen mit Wölfen die wichtigsten Verhaltensregeln hier zusammengefasst. Die wichtigste Regel sei, ruhig zu bleiben und den Wolf mit bestimmter Stimme auf sich aufmerksam zu machen’. (NZZ, 10.2021)	‘The canton has summarised the most important rules of conduct for encounters with wolves here. The most important rule is to remain calm and draw the wolf’s attention to you with a confident voice’.
B-Q34	‘In einem Merkblatt zum Umgang mit dem Wolf gibt das Amt Tipps, wie man sich bei einer Begegnung verhalten soll’. (bazonline.ch, 09.2021)	‘In a leaflet on dealing with wolves, the office provides tips on how to behave in the event of an encounter’.
B-Q35	‘Ein Vorfall von letzter Woche sorgt entsprechend für viel Aufregung: Vier Wölfe liefen einer Gruppe Wanderer im Naturpark über den Weg – und verfolgten sie über mehrere Metre’. (derbund.ch, 09.2021)	‘An incident last week caused quite a stir: Four wolves crossed the path of a group of hikers in the nature park - and chased them for several metres’.
B-Q36	‘Die Wolfstour war auf der Suche nach ihren Spuren – und wurde fündig. Da! Wolf! Nach fünfeinhalb Stunden Marsch macht sich in der Gruppe Aufregung breit. Alle zücken ihr Smartphone und suchen die beste Position für ein Foto’. (Berner Zeitung, 10.2021)	‘The Wolfstour was looking for their tracks - and found them. There! Wolf! After five and a half hours of walking, excitement spreads through the group. Everyone pulls out their smartphones and looks for the best position for a photo’.
B-Q37	‘Der Wolf flösst vielen Menschen Angst ein’. (NZZ, 11.2019)	‘The wolf frightens many people’.
B-Q38	‘«Natürlich habe ich Angst!» Sie fürchte sich, allein mit dem Hund spazieren zu gehen, weil die Wölfe sich mittlerweile schon so nahe an den Menschen trauten’. (Sonntagsblick, 09.2021)	‘«Of course I'm scared!» She is afraid to walk the dog on her own because the wolves now dare to get so close to people’.
B-Q39	‘Die Bauern fürchten um die Sicherheit von Wanderern, die die Alpweiden passieren. Auf Bundesebene nimmt man die Gefahr ernst’. (derbund.ch, 05.2020)	‘Farmers fear for the safety of hikers passing through the alpine pastures. The danger is being taken seriously at a federal level’.
B-Q40	‘Kann man jetzt noch gefahrlos in den Wald gehen? Was ist mit den Kindern?’ (NZZ, 11.2019)	‘Is it safe to go into the forest now? What about the children?’
B-Q41	‘Dieses Muhen im Nebel. Dieses ohrenbetäubende Trampeln einer Kuhherde in Panik. Die unsichtbaren Raubtiere’. (derbund.ch, 05.2020)	‘This mooing in the fog. This deafening trampling of a herd of panicked cows. The invisible predators’.
B-Q42	‘Das Wolfsrudel rund um den Beverin hat diesen Sommer mindestens 15 Ziegen gerissen’. (20 minuten online, 10.2019)	‘The pack of wolves on the Beverin killed at least 15 goats this summer’.
B-Q43	‘Neben zahlreichen Schafen wurden auch dreimal Esel angegriffen, einer davon wurde sogar getötet […]’ (Sonntagsblick, 09.2021)	‘In addition to numerous sheep, donkeys were also attacked three times, one was even killed […]’
B-Q44	‘Der Schweizerische Alpwirtschaftliche Verband forderte letzte Woche weitere Erleichterungen beim Abschuss von Wölfen. Die Situation habe sich derart verschlechtert, dass viele Alpbetriebe vor der Aufgabe stünden’. (Grenchner Tagblatt, 07.2021)	‘Last week, the Swiss Alpine Farming Association called for further easing of restrictions on the shooting of wolves. The situation has deteriorated to such an extent that many alpine farms are facing closure’.
B-Q45	‘Jedes Jahr investiert das Bafu rund drei Millionen Franken in den Herdenschutz’. (derbund.ch, 11.2019)	‘Every year, the FOEN invests around three million francs in livestock protection’.
B-Q46	‘Seit Mitte Juli gelten für den Wolfsabschuss weniger strenge Regeln: Die revidierte Jagdverordnung erlaubt den Kantonen, Wölfe ab dem zehnten Riss eines Schafs oder einer Ziege zu schiessen. Davor waren 15 Risse notwendig’. (Grencher Tagblatt, 07.2021)	‘Since mid-July, the rules for shooting wolves have been less strict: The revised hunting regulations allow the cantons to shoot wolves after the tenth kill of a sheep or goat. Before that, 15 kills were required’.
B-Q47	‘In Jagdbann- oder Wildtierschutzgebieten ist die Jagd verboten - es sei denn, sie sei für die Erhaltung der Artenvielfalt oder zur Verhütung übermässiger Wildschäden nötig. Dann soll jagdbares Wild abgeschossen werden dürfen. Der Ständerat will ergänzen, dass im Jagdbanngebiet auch Steinböcke und Wölfe geschossen werden dürfen. Der Nationalrat dagegen will den Wolf ausnehmen. Er hat sich nun noch einmal mit der Vorlage zu befassen.’ (SRF, 09.2019)	‘Hunting is prohibited in wildlife protection areas - unless it is necessary for the conservation of biodiversity or to prevent excessive damage caused by game. Huntable game may then be shot. The Council of States wants to add that ibex and wolves may also be shot in the hunting ban area. The National Council, on the other hand, wants to exempt wolves. It now has to deal with the bill once again.’
B-Q48	‘Im November 1998 lag dann plötzlich ein toter Wolf vor der Kadaversammelstelle in Reckingen im Oberwallis. Die Obduktion ergab: illegaler Abschuss’. (NZZ, 11.2019)	‘In November 1998, a dead wolf suddenly lay in front of the carcase collection centre in Reckingen in Upper Valais. The autopsy revealed that it had been shot illegally’.
B-Q49	‘Wie viele Tiere von Wilderern geschossen werden, weiss niemand genau’. (NZZ, 11.2019)	‘Nobody knows exactly how many animals are shot by poachers’.
B-Q50	‘Nach den ersten grösseren Schäden an Nutztieren durch den Wolf ab 1995 sammelten Nutztierhalter und Behörden Erfahrungen mit unterschiedlichen Herdenschutzmassnahmen. Als besonders wirksam gelten inzwischen Herdenschutzhunde und elektrische Zäune, häufig auch in Kombination mit einer Behirtung.’ (NZZ, 10.2021)	‘After the first major damage to livestock caused by wolves from 1995 onwards, livestock farmers and authorities gained experience with various livestock protection measures. Herd protection dogs and electric fences, often in combination with herding, are now considered to be particularly effective.’
B-Q51	‘Die Fakten trägt die Wildhut zusammen und speist sie in ein SMS-System, das alle Bauern und Alpmeister der Region erreicht. Die Handys der Bauern haben nach dem langen Winter wieder regelmässiger zu piepen begonnen’. (derbund.ch, 05.2020)	‘The game warden collates the facts and feeds them into a text message system that reaches all farmers and alpine masters in the region. The farmers’ mobile phones have started beeping more regularly again after the long winter’.
B-Q52	‘Mehrere Organisationen empfehlen auf Geburten auf offenem Feld zu verzichten’. (SRF, 08.2020)	‘Several organisations recommend avoiding births in open fields’.

Table B5. Quotes (J-Qn) from news media articles for the topic ‘activities in landscape’ in Jurapark Aargau in original German language and as an English translation.

J-Qn	Quotes in original German language	English translation of quotes
‘activities in landscape’
J-Q1	‘Der Jurapark Aargau organisiert in Gipf-Oberfrick «Chriesibluescht»-Wanderungen mit der Jurapark-Landschaftsführerin Regine Leutwyler’. (Aargauer Zeitung, 04.2012)	‘The Jurapark Aargau organises «Chriesibluescht» hikes in Gipf-Oberfrick with the Jurapark landscape guide Regine Leutwyler’.
J-Q2	‘Der Jurapark Aargau veranstaltete eine Weinwanderung in Mettauertal – rund 340 Wein- und Naturliebhaber nahmen teil’. (Aargauer Zeitung, 08.2019)	‘The Jurapark Aargau organised a wine hike in Mettauertal - approximately 340 wine and nature lovers took part’.
J-Q3	‘Der Jurapark Aargau lädt am Samstag, 27. September, Interessierte zu einer Veranstaltung passend zur Pilzsaison ein’. (Aargauer Zeitung, 09.2014)	‘The Jurapark Aargau invites interested parties to an event on Saturday, 27 September, to coincide with the mushroom season’.
J-Q4	‘Rechtzeitig zu den heute beginnenden Sommerferien ist ein neues sanftes Tourismusangebot in der Region eröffnet worden. Der Periumuk-Weg zum Cheisacherturm im Gemeindebann von Gansingen ist nicht nur für Familien gedacht, das ganze Projekt ist eine eigentliche Familiengeschichte.’ (Aargauer Zeitung, 07.2013)	‘Just in time for the summer holidays starting today, a new gentle tourism offer has been opened in the region. The Periumuk Trail to the Cheisacher Tower in the municipality of Gansingen is not just for families, the whole project is a real family story’.
J-Q5	‘Der Jurapark Aargau hat ebenfalls zur Bereicherung des Spielplatzes beigetragen. Er spendete die «Perimuk-Wippe», an der das Maskottchen des Juraparks angebracht ist’. (Aargauer Zeitung, 09.2018)	‘The Jurapark Aargau has also helped to enrich the playground. It donated the «Perimuk seesaw», to which the Jurapark’s mascot is attached’.
J-Q6	‘Bewegungsfreudige Weinliebhaber werden durch die reizvollen Reb- und Kulturlandschaften von Effingen und Bözen wandern’. (Aargauer Zeitung, 09.2013)	‘Wine lovers who enjoy exercise will hike through the charming vineyards and cultural landscapes of Effingen and Bözen’.
J-Q7	‘Auf einer kurzweiligen Führung entlang des Chriesiwegs in Gipf-Oberfrick erfahren die Teilnehmenden Spannendes zur Geschichte der Landschaft, zu den Kirschbäumen und zum Naturwert von Obstgärten. Von speziell markierten Bäumen können reife Kirschen probiert werden, und Chriesi-Rezepte machen Lust aufs Ausprobieren.’ (Aargauer Zeitung, 06.2015)	‘On an entertaining guided tour along the cherry trail in Gipf-Oberfrick, participants learn exciting facts about the history of the landscape, the cherry trees and the natural value of orchards. Ripe cherries can be tasted from specially marked trees, and cherry recipes will wet your appetite for trying them out.’
J-Q8	‘Am kommenden Freitag und Samstag haben Interessierte die Gelegenheit, in Wittnau die einheimischen Nachtvögel anhand von Bild, Ton und Präparaten näher kennen zu lernen. Auf der anschliessenden nächtlichen Lauschwanderung durch Wald und Flur kann das Gelernte vertieft und erprobt werden.’ (Aargauer Zeitung, 02.2012)	‘Next Friday and Saturday, interested parties will have the opportunity to learn more about the local nocturnal birds in Wittnau using images, sounds and specimens. On the subsequent nocturnal listening hike through the woods and meadows, one can deepen and test what they have learnt.’
J-Q9	‘Kinder sind auf der Pilzexkursion willkommen’. (Aargauer Zeitung, 09.2014)	‘Children are welcome on the mushroom excursion’.
J-Q10	‘Auf thematischen Spaziergängen werden Eltern und ihre Kinder auf die Schnelle durch fremde Welten geführt’. (Sonntagsblick, 07.2014)	‘Parents and their children are quickly guided through foreign worlds on themed walks’.
J-Q11	‘Für Kinder wird auch wieder einiges geboten: Neben dem beliebten Streichelzoo mit Geissli und Co. sind am Märet erstmals Lamas und Alpakas vor Ort’. (Oltner Tagblatt, 04.2018)	‘There’s also plenty on offer for children again: In addition to the popular petting zoo with goats and other animals, llamas and alpacas will be on site at the market for the first time’.
J-Q12	‘Auf den Perimuk-Abenteuerwegen im Jurapark Aargau wandern auch Kinder gerne. Welches Kind hätte da nicht seine Freude: Auf einer Wanderung verschiedene Rätsel lösen, mithilfe der Lösungszahlen einen Code berechnen und damit am Ende des Weges einen Safe öffnen.’ (Basellandschaftliche Zeitung, 08.2016)	‘Children also love hiking on the Perimuk adventure trails in the Jurapark Aargau. What child wouldn’t enjoy solving various puzzles on a hike, calculating a code using the numbers of the solutions and using it to open a safe at the end of the trail?’
J-Q13	‘Unter der kundigen Führung von Winzerin Susanne Birchmeier durch die Rebberge ob Oberflachs streifen und dabei Wissenswertes über das Arbeiten in den Reben, verschiedene Traubensorten und die Weinherstellung erfahren’. (Aargauer Zeitung, 06.2015)	‘Stroll through the vineyards above Oberflachs under the expert guidance of winemaker Susanne Birchmeier and learn interesting facts about working in the vines, different grape varieties and winemaking’.
J-Q14	‘An über 50 Marktständen im Dorfzentrum präsentieren findige Produzenten, Handwerker und Künstler aus der Region ihre Produkte’. (Aargauer Zeitung, 05.2014)	‘Resourceful producers, craftspeople and artists from the region present their products at over 50 market stalls in the village centre’.
J-Q15	‘Unter der kundigen Führung von Winzerin Susanne Birchmeier durch die Rebberge ob Oberflachs streifen und dabei Wissenswertes über das Arbeiten in den Reben, verschiedene Traubensorten und die Weinherstellung erfahren’. (Aargauer Zeitung, 06.2015)	‘Stroll through the vineyards above Oberflachs under the expert guidance of winemaker Susanne Birchmeier and learn interesting facts about working in the vines, different grape varieties and winemaking’.
J-Q16	‘Der Aargauer Heimatschutz hält fest: «Pro Natura Aargau hat sich bereit erklärt, als gleichberechtigte Miteigentümerin ihren Anteil an die Unterhaltskosten der Ruine zu übernehmen.» Die Ruine selbst befinde sich in einem guten Zustand und werde laufend überwacht.’ (Aargauer Zeitung, 10.2021)	‘The Aargau heritage organisation states: «Pro Natura Aargau has agreed to assume its share of the maintenance costs of the ruin as an equal co-owner.» The ruin itself is in good condition and is constantly monitored’.
J-Q17	‘Um die Schönheit dieser Bäume und der Landschaft mit diesen Kirschenhochstämmern zu zeigen, hat 2007 der Verband der Aargauer Obstproduzenten diesen Chriesiwäg initiiert - und zwar in Zusammenarbeit mit der Gemeinde Gipf-Oberfrick’. (SRF, 04.2021)	‘To showcase the beauty of these trees and the landscape with these cherry trees, the Association of Aargau Fruit Producers initiated this Chriesiwäg in 2007 - in collaboration with the municipality of Gipf-Oberfrick’.
J-Q18	‘Die Sanierungen an den Bruchsteinmauern beim Schloss Kasteln in Oberflachs wurden vor rund einer Woche wieder aufgenommen. Wenn sie richtig gepflegt wird, könnte die 400-jährige Mauer weitere 100 Jahre bestehen bleiben’. (Aargauer Zeitung, 05.2012)	‘The renovation work on the quarry stone walls at Kasteln Castle in Oberflachs was resumed around a week ago. If it is properly maintained, the 400-year-old wall could last another 100 years’.
J-Q19	‘Hinsichtlich der Ruine (eine Hektare) bilden der Heimatschutz und Pro Natura seither die Eigentümerschaft. Mittelfristig soll die Burgruine Schenkenberg, die unter Denkmalschutz steht, dem Kanton Aargau übertragen werden, schreibt der Heimatschutz weiter’. (Aargauer Zeitung, 10.2021)	‘The ruins (one hectare) have since then been owned by the local heritage organisation and Pro Natura. In the medium term the ownership of, the ruins of Schenkenberg Castle, which is a listed building, are to be transferred to the canton of Aargau, writes the heritage organisation.’
J-Q20	‘Der leichte Rundwanderweg, vorbei an vielen Hochstammkirschbäumen und modernen Kirschenanlagen mit prächtiger Sicht auf den frühlingshaften Jura, misst 5,5 Kilometre und die Wanderzeit etwa zweieinhalb Stunden’. (Aargauer Zeitung, 04.2012)	‘The easy round trip trail, past many high-stem cherry trees and modern cherry orchards with magnificent views of the springtime Jura, is 5.5 kilometres long and takes around two and a half hours’.
J-Q21	‘Am Sonntag, 20.Mai, gibt es zum Juraparkfest diverse Exkursionen zur Bruchsteinmauer’. (Aargauer Zeitung, 04.2012)	‘On Sunday, 20 May, there will be various excursions to the dry stone wall for the Jura Park Festival’.
J-Q22	‘Im Rahmen der Wiederherstellung der historischen Verkehrswege am Chalm und in der Alten Gasse plant der Jurapark Aargau einen 2,8 Kilometre langen Rundweg’. (Aargauer Zeitung, 09.2021)	‘The Jura Park Aargau is planning a 2.8-kilometre round trip trail as part of the restoration of the historic traffic routes at Chalm and in the Alte Gasse’.
J-Q23	‘An Exkursionen in und ums Dorf können die Besucher Wildkräuter, die lokale Geologie und die Dorfgeschichte entdecken’. (Aargauer Zeitung, 05.2014)	‘On excursions in and around the village, visitors can discover wild herbs, the local geology and the history of the village’.
J-Q24	‘«Wir probieren heute das traditionelle Bogenschiessen aus.» Ott steht hüftbreit hin, hält den Bogen in der linken Hand’. (Aargauer Zeitung, 07.2017)	‘«We’re trying out traditional archery today.» Ott stands hip-width apart, holding the bow in his left hand’.
J-Q25	‘Sie können regionale Genüsse und Handwerkskunst aus dem Tal entdecken und aus einem vielfältigen Exkursionsprogramm und weiteren Attraktionen für die ganze Familie auswählen’. (Aargauer Zeitung, 05.2014)	‘You can discover regional delicacies and craftsmanship from the valley and choose from a varied excursion programme and other attractions for the whole family’.
J-Q26	‘Auch am 15. Naturpark Märet gibt es neben Kunsthandwerk, Naturkosmetik und Schmuck kulinarisch wieder einiges zu entdecken. Duftendes Brot, knackiges Gemüse, rauchige Würste, fruchtige Konfitüre, Flammlachs und HotSandwiches direkt vom Feuer – für jeden Geschmack ist etwas dabei. Den Thaler-Spiess gibt es am Stand des Frauenchors Balsthal. Die Labelproduzenten des Naturparks bieten am Märet ihre Köstlichkeiten an. Neu dabei als Labelproduzent ist der Laupersdorfer Stefan Jaus. Er bringt unter anderem seinen schmackhaften Suure Moscht mit. Ebenfalls mit dem Label ausgezeichnet wurde das gesamte Sortiment der Vebo Gärtnerei Matzendorf, 71 Gemüsesorten sowie 276 Pflanzen und Blumen.’ (Oltner Tagblatt, 04.2018)	‘In addition to handicrafts, natural cosmetics and jewellery, the 15th Naturpark market once again has plenty of culinary delights to discover. Fragrant bread, crunchy vegetables, smoky sausages, fruity jams, flamed salmon and hot sandwiches straight from the fire - there’s something for everyone. The Thaler-Spiess is available at the Balsthal women’s choir stand. The certified producers of the nature park offer their delicacies at the market. Stefan Jaus from Laupersdorf is a new certified producer. Among other things, he will be bringing his tasty cider. Vebo Gärtnerei Matzendorf has also been awarded the label for its entire range of 71 vegetables and 276 plants and flowers.’
J-Q27	‘Weiter ging es durch ein schattenspendendes Stück Wald, das die «Weinschmecker» zum «Niro»-Weingut führte’. (Aargauer Zeitung, 08.2019)	‘We continued through a shady stretch of forest, which led the «wine tasters» to the «Niro» winery’.
J-Q28	‘Gegenwärtig verzaubern blühende Kirschbäume weite Teile der Fricktaler Landschaft’. (Aargauer Zeitung, 04.2012)	‘At the moment, blossoming cherry trees are adorning large parts of the Fricktal landscape’.
J-Q29	‘Die Gemeinde liegt mitten im Tafeljura und ist geprägt durch die Viehhaltung, die Landwirtschaft und den Obstanbau’. (SRF, 04.2021)	‘The municipality lies in the middle of the «Table Jura» and is characterised by livestock farming, agriculture and fruit growing’.
J-Q30	‘«Die grüne Schatzkammer» bietet Landschaftsjuwelen, Naturperlen, Gaumengold, Kulturschätze und Steinreichtum’. (Oltner Tagblatt, 04.2018)	‘«The green treasure trove» offers landscape jewels, natural gems, gold for the taste buds, cultural treasures and a wealth of stone’.
J-Q31	‘Die Ruine Schenkenberg steht auf Boden von Thalheim am Fusse der Staffelegg und ist auch für Menschen aus der Region Aarau ein beliebtes Ziel für Schulausflüge, Wanderungen und sogar Hochzeitsapéros’. (Aargauer Zeitung, 10.2021)	‘The Schenkenberg ruins are located in Thalheim at the foot of the Staffelegg and are also a popular destination for school trips, hikes and even wedding receptions for people from the Aarau region’.
J-Q32	‘Wir haben in unserem Kanton Aargau viele schöne Schlösser und Ruinen - absolut sehenswert!’ (SRF, 04.2021)	‘We have many beautiful castles and ruins in our canton of Aargau - absolutely worth seeing!’
J-Q33	‘Die Stimmung in der Dunkelheit, die Geräusche der nachtaktiven Lebewesen an Land, im Wasser und in der Luft bieten ein einmaliges Erlebnis’. (Aargauer Zeitung, 02.2013)	‘The atmosphere in the dark, the sounds of nocturnal creatures on land, in the water and in the air offer a unique experience’.
J-Q34	‘Auf halbem Weg zum «Bären» hatten die Wanderer die Möglichkeit, inmitten der Rebberge etwas über das Projekt «Artenreiche Jurapark-Rebflächen» mit Aufwertungsmassnahmen zugunsten der Biodiversität zu lernen’. (Aargauer Zeitung, 08.2019)	‘Halfway to the «Bären», the hikers had the opportunity to learn about the «Species-rich Jurapark vineyards» project with enhancement measures in favour of biodiversity in the middle of the vineyards’.
J-Q35	‘Wir können gleich hier entlang. In der naturnah bewirtschafteten Hochstammplantage finden viele Tiere ihren Lebensraum. Ein typischer Bewohner ist z.B. die Zauneidechse’. (SRF, 04.2021)	‘We can go right this way. Many animals find their habitat in the near-natural high trunk plantation. A typical inhabitant is the sand lizard, for example’.
J-Q36	‘Dafür gibt es hier umso mehr Raum für Natur- und Kulturlandschaften. Inmitten des Tafeljuras zwischen Aare und Rhein liegen Reben, Hochstammbestände, Wälder und Naturschutzgebiete’. (Aargauer Zeitung, 08.2019)	’But there is all the more space for natural and cultural landscapes here. In the middle of the “Tafeljura” between the Aare and Rhine, there are vineyards, standard orchards, forests and nature reserves.’
J-Q37	‘Mit meinem Herzensort Gipf-Oberfrick verbindet mich sehr viel, auch emotional. Ich durfte hier eine wunderschöne Kindheit verbringen. Bezüglich Lebensqualität ist es ein wunderschöner Ort zum Aufwachsen’. (SRF, 04.2021)	‘I am very connected with my favourite place, Gipf-Oberfrick, also emotionally. I was able to spend a wonderful childhood here. In terms of quality of life, it’s a wonderful place to grow up’.
J-Q38	‘Zusammenzuhalten und am gleichen Strick zu ziehen, habe sich ausgezahlt, betonte sie. Jetzt sei auf der Feldschen der «perfekte Ort» entstanden – als Begegnungsort für alle Generationen, und das «auch noch mitten im Grünen»’ . (Aargauer Zeitung, 09.2018)	‘Sticking together and pulling in the same direction has paid off," she emphasised. The «perfect place» has now been created on the Feldschen - as a meeting place for all generations, and «in the middle of the countryside»’ .
J-Q39	‘Er vermarktet auch das Regionalprodukt und verarbeitet es, so, wie ihr es hier jetzt präsentiert seht. Das sind alles Produkte, die man aus Hochstammkirschen herstellt und vertreibt’. (SRF, 04.2021)	‘He also markets the regional product and processes as you see them presented here now. These are all products that are made and sold from high-stem cherries’.
J-Q40	‘Im Zentrum steht der kleine Jurasaurier Perimuk, das Maskottchen des Juraparks’. (Basellandschaftliche Zeitung, 08.2016)	‘At the centre is the little Jura dinosaur Perimuk, the mascot of the Jura Park’.
J-Q41	‘Im Anschluss an die Generalversammlung des grenzüberschreitenden Verkehrsvereins präsentiert Thomas Senn, Gansingen, das Kinderbuch «Perimuk und die Abenteuer seiner Kinder». Interessierte erfahren Wissenswertes zur Geschichte und zum Familienerlebnisweg, der in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Jurapark Aargau entstanden ist.’ (Aargauer Zeitung, 04.2014)	‘Following the general meeting of the cross-border tourist association, Thomas Senn, Gansingen, will present the children’s book «Perimuk and the adventures of his children». Interested parties will learn interesting facts about the history and the family adventure trail, which was created in collaboration with the Jurapark Aargau.’
J-Q42	‘Perimuk lässt den Jurapark Aargau insbesondere für Kinder verständlicher machen. Der kleine Saurier, der seine Existenz den geografischen Umrissen des Parkgebietes verdankt, ist seit ein paar wenigen Wochen in Form des Bilderbuches Perimuk und die Abenteuer seiner Kinder (AZ berichtete) auch erlebbar. Das Buch, welches nicht nur Kinder, sondern auch jung gebliebene und an liebenswerten Geschichten interessierte Erwachsene zu begeistern versteht, ist auf Initiative der Cheisacherturm-Verantwortlichen entstanden.’ (Aargauer Zeitung, 09.2012)	‘Perimuk makes the Jurapark Aargau easier to understand, especially for children. The little dinosaur, which owes its existence to the geographical outline of the park area, has been brought to life in the form of the picture book Perimuk and the adventures of his children (AZ reported) for a few weeks now. The book, which not only inspires children, but also adults who are young at heart and interested in endearing stories, was created on the initiative of those responsible for the Cheisacher Tower.’
J-Q43	‘Auf den Perimuk-Abenteuerwegen im Jurapark Aargau wandern auch Kinder gerne’. (Basellandschaftliche Zeitung, 08.2016)	‘Children also love hiking on the Perimuk adventure trails in the Jurapark Aargau’.
J-Q44	‘Am Samstag wurde nach drei Jahren Vorbereitungszeit der neue Kinderspielplatz feierlich eingeweiht’. (Aargauer Zeitung, 09.2018)	‘The new children’s playground was officially opened on Saturday after three years of preparation’.
J-Q45	‘Die grüne Oase zwischen Zürich und Basel will den ländlichen Charakter des Dorfes erhalten und die Wohn- und Lebensqualität fördern. Mit dem Label Energiestadt hat man sich im Zeichen für eine nachhaltige Entwicklung entschieden’. (Aargauer Zeitung, 10.2012)	‘The green oasis between Zurich and Basel aims to preserve the rural character of the village and promote the quality of life and living. With the Energy City label, it was decided to favour sustainable development’.
J-Q46	‘Neben sozialen und umweltschützerischen Aspekten kommt aber auch die Ökonomie nicht zu kurz. Auf den Mauer-Terrassen ziehen die Familien Stadler und Brechbühl Bio-Reben’. (Aargauer Zeitung, 05.2012)	‘In addition to social and environmental aspects, the economy is not neglected. The Stadler and Brechbühl families grow organic vines on the Mauer terraces’.
J-Q47	‘Die Gemeinde Gipf-Oberfrick ist Mitglied im Jurapark Aargau. Das ist ein regionaler Naturpark von nationaler Bedeutung. Er setzt sich v.a. für die Artenvielfalt und die Förderung der Natur- und Kulturgüter ein’. (SRF, 04.2021)	‘The municipality of Gipf-Oberfrick is a member of Jurapark Aargau. This is a regional nature park of national importance. It is primarily committed to biodiversity and the promotion of natural and cultural assets’.