A numerical treatment of the TiO₂/C₂H₆O₂–H₂O hybrid base nanofluid inside a porous cavity under the impact of shape factor in MHD flow

ABSTRACT

In this article, the physical aspects of magnetohydrodynamic convective flow and heat transfer of TiO₂–Al₂O₃/ethylene glycol–water hybrid base nanofluid inside a porous enclosure under the impact of shape factor, Lorentz forces, thermal radiation has been analysed using Finite Element Method. Darcy model is chosen for porous media. The influence of variable, different parameters like Hartmann number (Ha), radiation parameter (Rd), volume fraction (φ), and buoyancy forces (Ra) on streamlines, temperature gradient and Nusselt number are exemplified quantitatively through graphs. Outputs demonstrate that inverse relevance among magnetic forces and temperature gradient, it causes to reduce Nu_ave for larger (Ha) number. Lamina shape nanoparticle has a greater impact on increasing Nu_ave compared to other shape factors.

KEYWORDS:

• MHD flow
• hybrid nanofluid
• shape factor
• thermal radiation
• porous media
• FEM method

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.