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Abstract
The ability to spatially quantify changes in the landscape and create land-cover maps is one of the most powerful uses of remote sensing. Recent advances in object-based image analysis (OBIA) have also improved classification techniques for developing land-cover maps. However, when using an OBIA technique, collecting ground data to label reference units may not be straightforward, since these segments generally contain a variable number of pixels as well as a variety of pixel values, which may reflect variation in land-cover composition. Accurate classification of reference units can be particularly difficult in forested land-cover types, since these classes can be quite variable on the ground. This study evaluates how many prism sample locations are needed to attain an acceptable level of accuracy within forested reference units in southeastern New Hampshire (NH). Typical forest inventory guidelines suggest at least 10 prism samples per stand, depending on the stand area and stand type. However, because OBIA segments group pixels based on the variance of the pixels, fewer prism samples may be necessary in a segment to properly estimate the stand composition. A bootstrapping statistical technique was used to find the necessary number of prism samples to limit the variance associated with estimating the species composition of a segment. Allowing for the lowest acceptable variance, a maximum of only six prism samples was necessary to label forested reference units. All polygons needed at least two prism samples for classification.
†Present address: School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
Present address: Math and Science Division, Babson College, Babson Park, MA, USA.
Acknowledgements
We sincerely thank the three anonymous reviewers who gave insightful comments that helped to improve this article for publication. We also acknowledge MS-33 and MS-66 New Hampshire Agriculture Experiment Station Grants (Congalton) and NHView for the funding to complete this work. This work was completed as part of dissertation research pursued at the University of New Hampshire.
Notes
†Present address: School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
Present address: Math and Science Division, Babson College, Babson Park, MA, USA.