Detection and characterization of submesoscale eddies from optical images: a case study in the Argentine continental shelf

ABSTRACT

Eddies are structures of recognized physical and biogeochemical relevance. Because of their small space and time scales, submesoscale eddy detection is a challenge, and detection methods for these structures are scarce. In this study, we detect submesoscale eddies (SME) by means of a method implemented on satellite chlorophyll-a (CSAT) and sea surface temperature (SST) data from Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) images. The performance of this method is shown through the characterization of the shape and size of the detected eddies. The trajectory and characteristics of one particular eddy could be observed for 6 days over the Argentine continental shelf. The eddy reached the highest CSAT concentration (1.52 mg m⁻³, decreasing to less than 0.8 mg m⁻³ in about 3.5 km), and the lowest SST on the same day it developed its largest size. All SME detected within the study period are in agreement with cyclonic eddies and have a radius smaller than the baroclinic Rossby radius of deformation. This paper presents a workflow for the automated recognition of SME that could be applied to other regions with similar characteristics, or different ones with previous changes in the parameters.

KEYWORDS:

• Submesoscale eddies
• Remote Sensing
• Optical Images
• Argentine continental shelf
• satellite Chlorophyll - a
• satellite Sea Surface Temperature

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank the reviewers whose comments helped to improve the final version of the manuscript. We thank Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Pesquero (INIDEP) for historical CTD profiles, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center for satellite data, Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service for GLORYS12v1 reanalysis data, and European Centre of Middle-range Weather Forecast for ERA5 global atmospheric reanalysis data. FB thanks Giuliana Berden, Lisandro Arbilla and Matías Dinapoli for inspiring discussions that help to improve this research.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Notes

1. Instituto Nacional de investigacion y Desarrollo Pesquero, https://www.argentina.gob.ar/inidep.

Additional information

Funding

This work was partially funded by CONICET (grant PIP-11220200102851CO). FB acknowledges the support of a PhD fellowship from CONICET.