The Rise of Market Information Regimes and the Historical Development of Audience Ratings

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Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.

Notes

1. N. Arnand and Richard A. Peterson, ‘When Market Information Constitutes Fields: Sense Making in the Markets of the Commercial Music Industry’, Organization Science 11, no. 3 (May, June 2002): 270–284; Phillip Napoli, Audience Evolution (NY: Columbia University Press, 2010), 1–3; James G. Webster, ‘User Information Regimes: How Social Media Shape Patterns of Consumption’, Northwestern University Law Review 104, no. 2 (2010): 593–612.

2. Napoli, Audience Evolution (2010): 1–3.

3. Webster, ‘User Information Regimes’, 593–611; Arnand and Peterson, ‘When Market Information Constitutes Fields’, 270–284.

4. Arnand and Peterson, ‘When Market Information Constitutes Fields’, 270–284.

5. Another major monopoly was Hooperating during the Golden Age of Radio. See Karen Buzzard, Chains of Gold: Marketing the Ratings and Rating the Markets (Methuen, NJ: Scarecrow Press, 1990).

6. Arnand and Peterson, ‘When Market Information Constitutes Fields’, 2002.

7. Ibid.

8. Ibid.

9. Karen Buzzard, ‘The People Meter Wars: A Case Study of Technological Innovation and Diffusion in the Ratings Industry’, Journal of Media Economics 15, no. 4 (2002): 273–291.

10. Karen Buzzard, Tracking the Audience: The Ratings Industry from Analog to Digital (New York: Routledge Press, 2012).

11. See the following for fuller accounts of these competitors: Karen Buzzard, Chains of Gold, 1990; Karen Buzzard, ‘Radio Rating Pioneers: The Development of a Standardized Ratings Vocabulary’, Journal of Radio Studies 6, no. 12 (1999): 286–306; Karen Buzzard, ‘The People Meter Wars’; Karen Buzzard, ‘James W. Seiler of the American Research Bureau’, Journal of Radio Studies 10, no. 2 (2003): 287–306.

12. William Madow, ‘Evaluation of the Statistical Methods Used in Obtaining Broadcast Ratings’, US Congress House Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce (US Government Printing Office, 1961).

13. ‘Broadcast Ratings’, Hearings Before a House Subcommittee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce, Rep. Oren Harris, Chair (March 21–April 10, 1963) US Government Printing Office.

14. ‘Broadcast Ratings’, 1963.

15. Ibid.

16. Hugh M. Beville, Audience Ratings: Radio, TV, Cable (NY: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1985, reprinted 1988).