Quantitative modelling of cyclists’ route choice behaviour on utilitarian trips based on GPS data: associated factors and behavioural implications

ABSTRACT

Despite many years of research and rapid changes in the field of bicycle route choice modelling, a review of factors associated with cyclists’ route choice decisions is missing. This paper reviews 33 studies that employed GPS data and statistical modelling to explain the route choice behaviour of cyclists on utilitarian trips. Factors associated with bicycle route choice are divided into network, contextual, and individual factors. Findings from this review demonstrate that a refined categorisation of model attributes is essential, as the preferences vary greatly between different route attributes. Moreover, the analysis indicates a strong influence of the local context on the attribute definitions and route choice preferences. Although some commonalities between studies w.r.t. the network factors (e.g. a preference towards bicycle infrastructure or avoidance of slopes) can be determined, many results are contradictory or intertwined with other factors. Specifically, results related to intersections, land use characteristics, and interaction with other modes of transport are not always conclusive and are strongly dependent on the local context. However, the explanation of some of the unclear effects can be facilitated by incorporating contextual or individual information in the models. Based on the analysis of the existing studies, this review encourages a joint consideration of studies employing quantitative and qualitative methods to explain cyclists’ behaviour. Moreover, reporting model results in an accessible form (e.g. through relatable values or visualisation) is essential to build bridges between bicycle research and policymaking. Future research is encouraged to study cyclists’ route choice decisions from the perspective of objective well-being, quantifying and modelling the influence of factors such as safety, health, energy expenditure, or noise exposure.

KEYWORDS:

• Bicycle route choice
• bicycle GPS data
• cyclists’ behaviour
• route choice modelling
• bicycle network
• contextual factors

Acknowledgements

Author wishes to acknowledge prof. Thomas Kjær Rasmussen for the inspiration to write this literature review and prof. Mads Paulsen for valuable discussions on the topic.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Patient anonymization

Potentially personally identifying information presented in this article that relates directly or indirectly to an individual, or individuals, has been changed to disguise and safeguard the confidentiality, privacy and data protection rights of those concerned, in accordance with the journal's anonymization policy.

Notes

1 In this review, the following terms are used interchangeably: positive (negative) influence of an attribute; positive (negative) preference for an attribute; increase in the value of an attribute increases (decreases) the probability of choosing a route/ results in a higher (lower) utility of a route/ results in a lower (higher) generalised cost of a route; increasing willingness to detour to reach (avoid) a route with a certain attribute.