Beyond cognition and affect: sensing the unconscious

Abstract

In the past decade, research on human–computer interaction has embraced psychophysiological user interfaces that enhance awareness of computers about conscious cognitive and affective states of users and increase their adaptive capabilities. Still, human experience is not limited to the levels of cognition and affect but extends further into the realm of universal instincts and innate behaviours that form the collective unconscious. Patterns of instinctual traits shape archetypes that represent images of the unconscious. This study investigated whether seven various archetypal experiences of users lead to recognisable patterns of physiological responses. More specifically, the potential of predicting the archetypal experiences by a computer from physiological data collected with wearable sensors was evaluated. The subjects were stimulated to feel the archetypal experiences and conscious emotions by means of film clips. The physiological data included measurements of cardiovascular and electrodermal activities. Statistical analysis indicated a significant relationship between the archetypes portrayed in the videos and the physiological responses. Data mining methods enabled us to create between-subject prediction models that were capable of classifying four archetypes with an accuracy of up to 57.1%. Further analysis suggested that classification performance could be improved up to 70.3% in the case of seven archetypes by using within-subject models.

Keywords:

• affective computing
• psychology
• archetypes
• modelling
• unconscious

Funding

This work was supported in part by the Erasmus Mundus Joint Doctorate (EMJD) in Interactive and Cognitive Environments (ICE), which is funded by Erasmus Mundus [FPA no. 2010–2012].

Acknowledgements

The authors thank The Archive for Research in Archetypal Symbolism and, in particular, John Beebe, Baruch Gould, Iden Goodman, Allison Tuzo, and Tom Singer for their help with identification and selection of the archetypal stimuli. We also thank the anonymous reviewers whose feedback helped us to improve the manuscript.

Notes

1. https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.hxresearch.archesense.