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Research presents an inconsistent picture of sex differences in communication. In order to clarify how sex differences are related to communication, empirical findings and conceptual problems are analyzed. Results from meta‐analyses suggest we should expect small differences due to sex and that these differences are moderated by a number of factors. Studies that directly compare the effects due to sex and those due to interaction show that sex effects are negligible. Conceptual reasons for the muddled picture of sex are also examined. Reliance on stereotypes, polarization of the sexes, lack of valid measures, and dearth of theory all work against an understanding of sex differences in communication. Four recommendations for future research are offered.
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