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Abstract

This narrative inquiry article tells the story of Al-Sarab Dance School, which began as a series of summer dance workshops taught by Nadra Assaf in the 1980s in and around Byblos, Lebanon. The workshops occurred during the Lebanese civil war and were an opportunity for the participating youth to process trauma, express their emotions, and experience a sense of freedom. After the war, Nadra established a dance school and grappled with the development of a dance education curriculum that celebrated and sustained Lebanese-ness. This narrative contributes much-needed curricular and pedagogical perspectives on dance education in the Middle East.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Notes

1 Samar Kadi, “Lebanon’s cultural scene is struggling. But the art activists aren’t giving up,” Fast Company, May 14, 2022, https://fastcompanyme.com/impact/lebanons-cultural-scene-is-struggling-but-the-art-activists-arent-giving-up/; “Lebanon Solidarity Fund,” Arab Fund for Arts and Culture, accessed February 8, 2024, https://www.arabculturefund.org/Programs/37.

2 Rose Martin, “Pushing Boundaries: Reflections on Teaching and Learning Contemporary Dance in Amman.” Journal of Dance Education 13 no. 2 (2013): 37-45. DOI: 10.1080/15290824.2012.686677; Rose Martin, Women, dance, revolution: Performance and protest in the Southern Mediterranean. (New York: Bloomsbury Academic, 2016); Rose Martin, “Sustaining Dance Practices in Turbulent Times: Dance, displacement, identity and the Syrian Civil War.” In Dancing Across Borders: Perspectives on Dance, Young People and Change (1st ed.), eds. Charlotte S. Nielsen and Stephanie Burridge (New York: Routledge 2019), 65-73. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003008569; Rose Martin, “Syria, Dance, and Community.” Journal of Dance Education 19 no. 3 (2019b): 127-134. DOI: 10.1080/15290824.2019.1519252.

3 Nicholas Rowe. “Dance education in the Occupied Palestinian Territories: Hegemony, Counter‐hegemony and Anti‐hegemony.” Research in Dance Education 9 no. 1 (2008): 3-10. DOI: 10.1080/14647890801924188; Nicholas Rowe, Raising Dust: A Cultural History of Dance in Palestine. London and New York: IB Tauris, 2010); Nicholas Rowe, “Dance and Political Credibility: The Appropriation of Dabkeh by Zionism, Pan-Arabism, and Palestinian Nationalism.” The Middle East Journal 65, no. 3 (2011): 363-380. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3751/65.3.11.

4 Rose Martin, Nicholas Rowe, and Ralph Buck, Talking Dance: Contemporary Histories from the Southern Mediterranean. (New York: Bloomsbury Academic, 2014).

5 Nyama McCarthy-Brown, Dance Pedagogy for a Diverse World: Culturally Relevant Teaching in Theory, Research, and Practice. (Jefferson, NC: McFarland and Company Inc, 2017).

6 Jennifer L. Lapum, Jennifer Martin, Karyn Kennedy, Catherine Turcotte, and Heather Gregory, “Sole Expression: A Trauma-Informed Dance Intervention.” Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma 28 no. 5 (2019): 566-580. DOI: 10.1080/10926771.2018.1544182; Chell Parkins, “Las Nepantleras: Teaching Artists Committed to Decolonizing and Humanizing Pedagogies for Dancing Latinx Bodies at Ballet Hispánico.” (EdD diss., Teachers College, 2023).

7 Michael F. Connelly and D. Jean Clandinin, “Stories of Experience and Narrative Inquiry.” Educational Researcher 19, no. 5 (1990), 2-14.

8 Connelly and Clandinin, “Stories of Experience”.

9 John W. Creswell and John D. Creswell, Research Design: Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed-Methods Approaches 5th ed. (Los Angeles: SAGE, 2018).

10 Sara Lawrence-Lightfoot and Jessica Hoffman Davis, The Art and Science of Portraiture. (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1997), 243.

11 Judy Winn-Bell Olsen and Spencer Kagan, “About Cooperative Learning,” In Cooperative Language Learning: A Teacher’s Resource Book edited by Carolyn Kessler, 1-30. (Prentice Hall, 1997), 8.

12 Nyama McCarthy-Brown, Dance Pedagogy, 17.

13 Ojeya Cruz Banks, “Fare Ra Lankhi.” Journal of Dance Education 20, no. 4 (2020): 205-213. DOI: 10.1080/15290824.2019.1599896; Ojeya Cruz Banks, “Stories of West African and House Dance Pedagogies: 4E Cognition Meet Rhythmic Virtuosity,” Journal of Dance Education 21, no. 3 (2021): 176-182. DOI: 10.1080/15290824.2021.1942477; Alfdaniels Mabingo, “Decolonizing Dance Pedagogy: Application of Pedagogies of Ugandan Traditional Dances in Formal Dance Education,” Journal of Dance Education 15 no. 4 (2015): 131-141. DOI: 10.1080/15290824.2015.1023953; Alfdaniels Mabingo, “Decolonizing Assessment in Dance Education: Ubuntu as an Evaluative Framework in Indigenous African Dance Education Practices,” Journal of Dance Education, no issue assigned (2022). DOI: 10.1080/15290824.2021.2004313.

14 Betsy Maloney Leaf and Bic Ngo, “‘You are not invisible’: A Qualitative Study Examining Ritual, Pedagogical Relationships, and Student Visibility in Kathak Dance,” Research in Dance Education 21 no. 3 (2020): 280-295. DOI: 10.1080/14647893.2020.1815689; Aadya Kaktikar, “Choreographing Decolonization: Pedagogical Confrontations at the Intersection of Traditional Dance and liberal arts in higher education in India,” Research in Dance Education 21 no. 2 (2020): 122-134. DOI: 10.1080/14647893.2020.1764924.

15 Rachel Pedro, Kym Stevens, and Courtney Scheu, “Creating a Cultural Dance Community of Practice: Building Authentic Latin American Dance Experiences,” Research in Dance Education 19 no. 3 (2018): 199-215. DOI: 10.1080/14647893.2018.1476479; Chell Parkins, “Las Nepantleras”.

16 Elizabeth Melchior, “Culturally Responsive Dance Pedagogy in the Primary Classroom.” Research in Dance Education 12 no. 2 (2011): 119-135. DOI: 10.1080/14647893.2011.575223; Linda Ashley, “Encountering Challenges in Teacher Education: Developing Culturally Pluralist Pedagogy When Teaching Dance from Contextual Perspectives in New Zealand,” Research in Dance Education 15, no. 3 (2014): 254-270. DOI: 10.1080/14647893.2014.910186.

17 Rowe, “Raising Dust”

18 Maxine Harris and Roger D. Fallot, Using Trauma Theory to Design Service Systems (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2001); Ernest Stromberg. Trauma-Informed Pedagogy in Higher Education. (New York: Routledge, 2023).

19 Christine Valdez. “Considerations for Developing a First Year Seminar on Psychological Trauma.” In Trauma-Informed Pedagogy in Higher Education ed. Ernest Stromberg, 13-28. (New York: Routledge, 2023).

20 Brooklyn Levine and Helen M. Land, “A Meta-Synthesis of Qualitative Findings about Dance/Movement Therapy for Individuals with Trauma,” Qualitative Health Research 26 no. 3 (2016): 330-344. DOI: 10.1177/1049732315589920; Jennifer Lapum et al., “Sole Expression”.

21 Chell Parkins, “Las Nepantleras”.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Nadra Assaf

NADRA ASSAF, EdD is the founder/artistic director of Al-Sarab Dance Foundation which houses Al-Sarab Dance School as well as Al-Sarab Dance Company. She is also a full-time academic at the Lebanese American University and a well-known researcher in dance in the Middle East. She received her MFA in Dance from Sarah Lawrence College, and a Doctor of Education from Leicester University. She also has a BA in Theater and a BS in Finance. She is best known for her work in dance in the Middle East as she has lived in Lebanon for more than thirty years.

Matthew Henley

MATTHEW HENLEY, PhD is Associate Professor in the Dance Education Program and Affiliated Researcher in the Arnhold Institute for Dance Education Research, Policy & Leadership at Teachers College, Columbia University. Henley focuses his research on describing cognitive and social-emotional skills associated with dance education. Henley’s related interests include enactive cognition in the arts, developmental and neuroscientific approaches to embodied knowing, research methods for pedagogy, and the pedagogy of research methods. Henley danced professionally in New York City with Sean Curran Company and Randy James Dance Works. Henley earned his doctorate in Educational Psychology: Learning Sciences from the University of Washington, and an MFA in Dance from the same institution.

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