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Research Article

Ecotoxicological effects of bisphenol A and nonylphenol on the freshwater cladocerans Ceriodaphnia silvestrii and Daphnia similis

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Pages 449-458 | Received 06 Jun 2017, Accepted 09 Sep 2017, Published online: 08 Nov 2017
 

Abstract

Toxicities of bisphenol A (BPA) and nonylphenol (NP) to the neotropical freshwater cladocerans Ceriodaphnia silvestrii and Daphnia similis were studied under laboratory conditions. Acute exposures to BPA generated mean 48-h EC50 values of 14.44 (6.02–22.85) mg L−1 for C. silvestrii and 12.05 (1.73–22.37) mg L−1 for D. similis. When the organisms were exposed to acute doses of NP, mean 48-h EC50 values were 0.055 (0.047–0.064) mg L−1 (C. silvestrii) and 0.133 (0.067–0.200) mg L−1 (D. similis). Ceriodaphnia silvestrii was also tested in chronic bioassays, which resulted in mean 8-d IC25 values of 2.43 (2.16–2.69) mg L−1 BPA [no observed effect concentration (NOEC): 1.38 mg L−1] and 0.020 (0.015–0.026) mg L−1 NP (NOEC: 0.015 mg L−1). These laboratory tests are valuable to broaden the understanding of the environmental threat posed by BPA and NP in aquatic ecosystems, and to increase the knowledge about the sensitivity of neotropical indigenous species to these contaminants. In addition to the laboratory bioassays, species sensitivity distributions were used to suggest protective concentrations of BPA and NP to prevent adverse effects on freshwater organisms. According to the obtained results, concentrations lower than 36.47 µg L−1 BPA and 1.39 µg L−1 NP are not expected to adversely impact aquatic organisms in natural ecosystems.

Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank the Water Resources and Applied Ecology Center (CRHEA) and Professor Evaldo Luiz Gaeta Espíndola for allowing the execution of the ecotoxicity tests.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

This study was financially supported by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) and the Brazilian Higher Level Education Council (CAPES).

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