Anticlastogenic, antimutagenic, and cytoprotective properties of Orthosiphon stamineus ethanolic leaves extract

Abstract

Orthosiphon stamineus (O.S) is widely consumed for its medidcinal value including anti-inflammatory, anti-infective, and diuretic properties. The present study evaluates the cytoprotective, anti-mutagenic, and anticlastogenic efficacies of standardized extract of Orthosiphon stamineus. Normal liver cell line (WRL68) exposed to hydrogen peroxide and serum-deprived media as insults to evaluate cytoprotective and glutathione activation activities of (Et. O. s). Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 exposed to different concentrations of (Et. O. s). The influence of Et. O. s on mitotic, replicative indices as well as chromosomal aberration (CA) and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) induced in human peripheral blood lymphocytes by mitomycin C (MMC). The Et. O.s proved to be a potent scavenger for hydrogen peroxide and other free radicals in serum-depraved media, which showed to stimulate glutathione production in liver cells line. Moreover, it did not induce mutations in S. typhimurium subspecies TA98 and TA100. The standardized extract exhibited powerful antimutagenic activities as verified against both 2-nitrofluorene and sodium azide in S. typhimurium TA98 and TA100 cells, respectively. Cytogenetic tests showed high concentrations of Et. O. s to reduce the values of mitotic and replicative indices without any accompanying side effects, such as chromosomal abnormalities or SCE. To ameliorate MMC effects, pretreatment with the extract proofed to be efficient protocol. These data suggests that O. stamineus extract could be useful as cytoprotective, antimutagenic, and anticlastogenic efficacies, which owes to its potent chemoprevention, antioxidant, and glutathione activation properties.

Keywords:

• Orthosiphon stamineus
• HPLC
• mitomycin C
• peripheral blood lymphocytes
• chromosomal aberration
• sister chromatids exchange
• serum deprivation
• hydrogen peroxide scavenging
• glutathione

Author contributions

DWA and SFF conducted cytogenetic and cell viability test. HMB and RHAZ carried out Serum deprivation, hydrogen peroxide, and glutathione assays. LEAH performed plant collection, extract preparation, and statistical analysis. A SA and KBA collected blood samples and reviewed the article. AMSM and CEO have designed and supervised the work.

Ethical approval and consent to participate

Approved by Research Ethical Committee of the Faculty of Medicine, Quest International University Perak Malaysia.

Availability of data and materials

The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are available in the repository, [PERSISTENT WEB LINK TO DATASETS].

Competing interests

None declared.

Additional information

Funding

The authors would like to acknowledge the Institute of Postgraduate Studies at the Universiti Sains Malaysia for providing fellowship [PFM0028/13(R)]. The authors would also like to acknowledge NKEA grant by Ministry of Agriculture Malaysia (304/CIPPM/650736/k123), and Universiti Sains Malaysia for providing funding through a University grant (RUT 1001/PFARMASI/851001), Universiti Sains Malaysia for short term grant (No: 304/FARMASI/6315201).