A comprehensive study of experimental and theoretical characterization and in silico toxicity analysis of new molecules

Abstract

In this study, for the first time in the literature, a 2-(3-methoxyphenylamino)-2-oxoethyl acrylate (3MPAEA) molecule was synthesized in two steps, and a 2-chloro-N-(3-methoxyphenyl)acetamide (m-acetamide) was obtained in the first step. Experimental results were obtained using FTIR, ¹H, and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy methods for m-acetamide and 3MPAEA compounds created in the laboratory environment and compared with theoretical results. Band gap (BG) energy, chemical hardness, electronegativity, chemical potential, and electrophilicity index were calculated. With vibration spectroscopic analysis, atom–molecule vibrations of the theoretical and experimental peaks of the spectrum were observed. The locations of C and H atoms were determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The green, blue, and red regions of the potential energy map (MEP) map were examined. Some observed that the energy thermal, heat capacity, and entropy graphs increased in direct proportion to increasing the temperature in Kelvin, which is known as thermochemistry. The changes in the rotation, translation, and vibration of the molecule as its temperature increased were examined. When the thermochemistry surface map was examined, some observed that the temperature was high in the middle binding site of the molecules. Covalent interactions were graphed using the non-covalent interactions (NCIs) calculation method. In silico toxicity studies were carried out for m-acetamide and 3MPAEA molecules: fathead minnow LC50 (96 h), Daphnia magna LC50 (48 h), Tetrahymena pyriformis IGC50 (48 h), oral rat LD50, water solubility, bioconcentration factor, developmental toxicity, mutation, normal boiling point, flash point, melting point, density, thermal conductivity, viscosity, vapor pressure, etc. parameters were investigated.

Keywords:

• Amide and acrylate
• density functional theory (DFT)
• molecular electrostatic potential maps (MEP)
• in silico toxicology
• thermochemistry

Author contributions

NÇ: investigation; writing – original draft; methodology; validation; writing – review and editing. MHK: investigation; software; formal analysis, writing – review and editing. MMT: writing – original draft; methodology; validation.

Ethics statement

This study did not include any humans or animals; therefore, we did not apply for ethical approval or register for clinical trials.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Data availability statement

The data underlying this article will be shared on reasonable request to the corresponding author.

Additional information

Funding

There was no source of funding involved in this study.