Everything for the Children: Orphans Growing Up in Informal Adoptive Families in China

Abstract

Most orphaned children in China are cared for by their extended families or become state wards under the guardianship of child welfare institutions. Some exceptions are children who are found and cared for by families in the community, without a formalized adoption or foster relationship. In some locations, institutions now accept guardianship for these children and support the informal adoptive family to continue to care for them. This article examines the outcomes for these children as they became young adults by comparing these 12 children raised within the system as they approach or have approached young adulthood (now aged 16–40 years-old). Some of the participants were either informally adopted or lived in institutional care. The results of this study found that the family environment was more conducive to the young people’s wellbeing as they approached or entered adulthood. The participants raised in informal care appeared to be treated similar to the biological children in these families. When the institution formalized the state guardianship responsibility, it also meant the families had state resources for support to protect the children’s rights to economic security, education, health care, and social participation. This practice by the institution supported the addition of informal adoption, as one step closer to permanency than foster care. Future implications include considering this option to help promote the family system assisting these children, families, and the state.

Keywords:

• Child welfare
• orphans
• abandoned babies
• family foster care
• social policies
• transition to adulthood
• adoption
• child welfare
• China

Ethics Approval

Ethics approval was from UNSW Australia.

Acknowledgements

The article includes material in a related publication, Chapter 10, Shang, X., Fisher, K.R. (2017), Young People Leaving State Care in China, Policy Press, UK.

Additional information

Funding

The research was funded by the Australian Research Council and Right To Play China and conducted by researchers from UNSW Australia; and Beijing Normal University.