Beyond Progression in Specialization Research: Leisure Capital and Participation Change

Abstract

Recent specialization research shows that progression along a unidirectional continuum from novice to expert is more the exception than the rule. We argue that a capital metaphor of changing leisure investments provides a better way to explain multidirectional participation. We propose four mechanisms of leisure capital investments. First, contemporary diversification of leisure opportunities may encourage people to use their leisure capital in more, rather than fewer activities. Second, limitations in one's abilities, desire, or situation may produce casual or declining activity participation. Third, people may develop casual leisure routines that provide organization, routine, and predictability in everyday life. Finally, life-course change leads to activity attrition as leisure capital is devoted to new age and life-stage appropriate activities. These mechanisms enhance the ability of the specialization framework to overcome the unidirectional nature of progression, and allow a more dynamic conceptual framework of participation over time.

Keywords:

• cultural capital
• leisure attrition
• leisure diversification
• life course change