Improving Coral Reef Habitat Mapping of the Puerto Rico Insular Shelf Using Side Scan Sonar

Abstract

Use of high resolution (0.1m) side-scan sonar for generating detailed benthic maps (4 m² mapping unit) in coral reef environments was investigated by collecting imagery over 60 km² of the Puerto Rico insular shelf, from shoreline to shelfedge. Visual interpretation of acoustic imagery resulted in 21 different habitat types classified within broad categories of unconsolidated sediment (7), consolidated bottom (6), and vegetated areas (8). Detailed maps showed the amount, size, and spatial distribution of habitats across the shelf. Qualitative and quantitative benthic characterizations showed habitats to be biologically distinct and ecologically relevant at multiple scales. Image collection was cost effective and amenable to small-boat use.

Keywords:

• Side scan sonar
• coral reef mapping
• detailed benthic map