Survey Measures on Paternal Parenting: A Systematic Review

Abstract

This systematic review examined extant measures on paternal parenting from infancy to adolescence. This examination was limited to measures with demonstrated reliability and validity. A total of 84 measures that have been validated among infants, children, and adolescents were reviewed. Findings highlighted several issues, including a lack of paternal-specific measures, (in)consistent factor structural patterns for maternal and paternal parenting, measurement (in)variance between developmental periods for paternal parenting, measurement (in)variance between parent- and child self-reports, as well as the cross-cultural applicability of measures. Recommendations for the use and development of measures are discussed.

Keywords:

• fathering
• paternal parenting
• paternal practices
• parenting measures
• parenting practices

Acknowledgements

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.