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Research Articles

A geopolitical and geostrategic blueprint for NATO’s China challenge

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Pages 189-202 | Published online: 21 Mar 2022
 

Abstract

How will the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) respond to China’s rise? At the heart of NATO’s China challenge is the need for allies to grasp the magnitude of Beijing’s emerging geopolitical challenge to the Euro-Atlantic area. Utilizing geopolitical theories developed by Halford Mackinder and Nicholas Spykman, the article argues that China is evolving into a transatlantic challenge on the Eurasian “maritime periphery.” Consequently, NATO can play a significant role in putting pressure on China’s continental direction and its efforts to extend its strategic reach into the “far seas.”

Notes

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36 Mitchell, “Using the Principles of Halford J. Mackinder and Nicholas John Spykman to Reevaluate a Twenty-First Century Geopolitical Framework for the United States,” 418.

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52 Holslag, “China, NATO, and the Pitfall of Empty Engagement,” 140.

53 See also Jacub J. Grygiel and A. Wess Mitchell, Unquiet Frontiers: Rising Rivals, Vulnerable Allies, and the Crisis of American Power (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2016).

54 Yoshihara and Bianchi, Seizing on Weakness, 104.

55 Ibid., 38–9.

56 Alexander Cooley and Daniel Nexon, Exit from Hegemony: The Unravelling of the American Global Order (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020), 177–8.

57 Robert D. Kaplan, “The Geography of Chinese Power: How Far Can Beijing Reach on Land and at Sea?,” Foreign Affairs 89, no. 3 (2010): 29.

58 Henry Kissinger, Does America Need a Foreign Policy? Toward a Diplomacy for the 21st Century (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001), 52.

59 Gray, “Nicholas John Spykman, the Balance of Power, and International Order,” 884.

60 Rynning, NATO’s Futures, 12.

61 Stokes and Smith, “Facing Down the Sino-Russian Entente,” 144.

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65 On the later see, NATO, NATO 2030, 60.

66 NATO, NATO 2030, 57.

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68 Yoshihara and Bianchi, Seizing on Weakness, 50.

69 Jeffrey W. Hornung, Allies Growing Closer: Japan-Europe Security Ties in the Age of Strategic Competition (Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 2020), 91.

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71 Yoshihara and Bianchi, Seizing on Weakness, 99.

72 Yoshihara and Bianchi, Seizing on Weakness, chapter 6.

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75 Duncan Delpedge, “NATO and the Arctic: The Need for a New Approach,” RUSI Journal, 165, nos. 5-6 (2020): 87.

76 NATO, “NATO Begins Cooperation with Danish Joint Arctic Command in Greenland,” October 1, 2020, https://mc.nato.int/media-centre/news/2020/nato-begins-cooperation-with-danish-joint-arctic-command-in-greenland

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78 Jamie Dettmer, “NATO Boosts Black Sea Presence,” VoA News, February 3, 2021.

79 Xiaoyu Pu and Chengli Wang, “Rethinking China’s Rise: Chinese Scholars Debate Strategic Overstretch,” International Affairs 94, no. 5 (2018): 1019–35.

80 Grygiel, Great Powers and Geopolitical Change, 8.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Benjamin Schreer

Ben Schreer ([email protected]) was a Professor of Strategic Studies at Macquarie University in Sydney, Australia at the time of writing this article, he is now the Executive Director, IISS-Europe, Berlin, Germany.

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