ABSTRACT
Alginate-immobilized Trichoderma asperellum were superior in adsorbing metals in single-metal systems compared to multi-metal systems. Higher amounts of Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) were adsorbed in single-metal systems with 72.00, 20.61 and 51.77 mg metal removed g−1 biosorbent, respectively, compared to multi-metal systems. On the contrary, only Pb(II) (112.70 mg g−1 biosorbent) was removed more efficiently in multi-metal systems. Both biosorbents showed similar biosorption behaviour, with higher uptakes of Zn(II) < Cd(II) < Cu(II) < Pb(II) in both single- and multi-metal systems. This was attributed to the carboxyl and hydroxyl functional groups on the surface of alginate.
Acknowledgement
The authors are grateful to Monash University Malaysia for the facilities to conduct the study.