A Pongamia pinnata pods based activated carbon as an efficient scavenger for adsorption of toxic Co(II): kinetic and thermodynamic study

ABSTRACT

A porous and high surface area-activated carbon based on Pongamia pinnata pods (PPP) was synthesized using a chemical method. The synthesized material was characterized using FTIR, XRD, BET, SEM, EDX, XPS and TGA. Plausible adsorption mechanism of Co(II) on PPPAC was evaluated systematically. The effect of various contributing parameters were investigated through batch adsorption experiments. Results reveal that the equilibrium was attained within 360 min having 0.35 g PPPAC amount at pH 6 and the maximum equilibrium capacity was observed 190.30 mg/g. Kinetically adsorption of Co(II) was best described by pseudo-second-order-model. The equilibrium data well suited with the Langmuir isotherm model and thermodynamic parameters indicate that the process was spontaneous and endothermic in nature.

Graphical Abstract

An inexpensive strategy for waste-to-useful for preparation of porous high surface area-activated carbon using concentrated H₂SO₄ as an impregnated reagent.

KEYWORDS:

• Pongamia pinnata pods
• chemical activation
• toxic Co(II)
• adsorption
• kinetic and thermodynamic study