Effect of solvation-dehydration of quaternary ammonium base salts in the organic phase on the selectivity of anion-exchange extraction

ABSTRACT

The analysis of the influence of dehydration and solvation (by proton-donor reagents) of halide anions in the organic phase on the processes of their solvent extraction separation with salts of quaternary ammonium bases has been carried out. The possibility of a significant increase in the separation factors of anions in the F-Cl-Br-I series due to endothermic dehydration of amine salts (Aliquat 336) in systems with “weak” proton-donor reagents, such as chloroform has been shown. In particular, the separation factors of the Cl/F pair increase by almost 15 times when going from Aliquat 336 solutions in toluene to extractant solutions in chloroform, for the Br/Cl pair, this increase is up to 5 times, and for I/Cl, about 3 times. In similar systems with additions of alcohols and phenols to the extractant (exothermic dehydration), there is a significant deterioration in the separation parameters of halides. The conclusions are confirmed by the data of ¹H NMR studies, which also made it possible to establish some details of the processes of dehydration of amine salts in the studied systems.

KEYWORDS:

• Aliquat 336
• extraction
• hydration
• NMR ¹H study of amine salts
• salts of quaternary ammonium bases
• separation of halide ions
• solvation

Acknowledgments

This research was funded within the state assignment to the Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology SB RAS (Project No. 121031500206-5, FWES-2021-0014) and conducted using the equipment of the Krasnoyarsk Regional Research Equipment Centre SB RAS.

Disclosure statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.