Joint pricing and inventory control in a make-to-stock queue with delay-sensitive customers

Abstract

We consider price and inventory decisions in a make-to-stock system from the perspectives of a profit-maximizing server and a social planner in which customers are delay-sensitive. Under two information cases (i.e. an almost unobservable case and a fully observable case), customers decide whether to purchase the product based on their utility. The utility is closely related to whether the inventory of the product is available, the product’s price, and the waiting time. We first investigate the optimal decision in the almost unobservable case. In this case, the server’s inventory strategy depends on the relationship between the unit holding cost of the product and the unit waiting cost of the customer. Additionally, the system utilization factor also affects the inventory strategy. Then, we analyse the corresponding results in the fully observable case. The results illustrate that, in both cases, profit maximization and welfare maximization lead to different pricing and inventory strategies. Finally, the numerical results show that the optimal price is sensitive to delay information, whereas the optimal stock level is not.

Keywords:

• Make-to-stock queue
• delay-sensitive customers
• information cases
• equilibrium analysis
• price
• inventory

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the Editor and anonymous referees for their valuable suggestions and comments, which have greatly improved the presentation and the quality of the paper.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [grand number 71671146], and the Construction Project for Graduate Tutor Team at Southwest Jiaotong University [grand number YJSY-DSDT201918].