Catalysis in Combustion

Abstract

Catalysis and combustion have long been linked. In fact, the science of catalysis stems from Davy's discovery [1] that platinum wires could promote the flameless combustion of flammable fuel-air mixtures. Today, catalysis is a mainstay of our modern chemical industry. Oxidation catalysts are used not only for the complete oxidation of fuels to carbon dioxide and water, as in radiant catalytic tent heaters and fume abatement devices, but also for the selective partial oxidation of hydrocarbons or other “fuels” to produce basic chemicals such as ethylene oxide (from ethylene), terephthalic acid (from p-xylene), and nitric acid (from ammonia). However, despite the long-known capability of catalysts to oxidize hydrocarbons without significant production of carbon monoxide, soot, or thermal NO_x, there seemed little possibility that catalytic oxidation reactors could ever displace conventional flame combustors as primary fuel combustors. This is because the volumetric heat release rates of conventional catalytic oxidation reactors are far too low to be competitive with the flame combustor.