ABSTRACT
Objective
Given the paucity of data on the subependymoma, we aimed to evaluate its risk factors from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.
Methods
We collected survival and clinical information on patients with subependymoma diagnosed between 1975 and 2016 from the SEER database and screened them according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Then, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to identify significant prognostic factors, and nomograms were constructed to visualize the results. The concordance index (C-index), receiver operating characteristic (ROC), and calibration curves were used to assess the predictive ability of the nomogram. We divided the patient scores into two groups according to the high- and low-risk groups and constructed a survival curve using Kaplan–Meier analysis.
Results
A total of 731 patients were initially enrolled, including 511 (69.9%) males and 220 (30.1%) females. After screening, a total of 581 patientswere further evaluated by statistical analysis. The 5- and 10-year survival estimates were 92.0% and 81.9%, respectively. Sex (male, p=0.018; HR=2.3547, 95% CI=1.158-4.788) and age (≥56 years, p<0.001; HR=5.640, 95% CI= 3.139-10.133) were identified as independent prognostic factors for overall survival. The nomogram contained 4 prognostic factors. The C-index was 0.741, and the ROC and calibration curves also indicated the good predictability of the nomogram.
Conclusion
In this large cohort, a significant association was noted between age/sex and outcome, which could serve an important role for patient education. Even though a significant association was not found between the extent of resection and outcome, the effect of surgery on prognosis should be further explored.
Abbreviations: AUC: area under the curve; CI: confidence interval; C-index: concordance index; CNS: central nervous system; GTR: gross total resection; HR: hazard ratio; NOS: not specific; OS: overall survival; PTR: partial resection; ROC: receiver operating characteristic; SEER: Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results; STR: subtotal resection; WHO: World Health Organization
KEYWORDS:
Authorship
Conception and experimental design: Gui-Jun Zhang & Chao You.
Acquisition of data: Gui-Jun Zhang & Xu Cheng
Analysis and interpretation of data: Gui-Jun Zhang & Xu Cheng.
Drafting the article: Gui-Jun Zhang
Critically revising the article: Gui-Jun Zhang & Chao You.
Reviewed the submitted version of manuscript: Gui-Jun Zhang & Xu Cheng.
Statistical analysis: Gui-Jun Zhang
Approved the final version of the manuscript on behalf of all authors: Chao You. Administrative/technical/material support: Gui-Jun Zhang & Chao You.
Study supervision: Gui-Jun Zhang & Chao You.
Availability of data and material statement
No publicly available datasets in this study
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Ethical approval
This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board.
Informed consent
The informed consent was available for all patients and publication.
Additional information
Funding
Notes on contributors
Gui-Jun Zhang
Gui-Jun Zhang studies in the department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University.
Xu Cheng
Xu Cheng works in the department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University.
Cong Chen
Cong Chen works in the department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital.
Chao You
Chao You works in the department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University.