Main Effects and Interactions in Mixed and Incomplete Data Frames

Abstract

A mixed data frame (MDF) is a table collecting categorical, numerical, and count observations. The use of MDF is widespread in statistics and the applications are numerous from abundance data in ecology to recommender systems. In many cases, an MDF exhibits simultaneously main effects, such as row, column, or group effects and interactions, for which a low-rank model has often been suggested. Although the literature on low-rank approximations is very substantial, with few exceptions, existing methods do not allow to incorporate main effects and interactions while providing statistical guarantees. The present work fills this gap. We propose an estimation method which allows to recover simultaneously the main effects and the interactions. We show that our method is near optimal under conditions which are met in our targeted applications. We also propose an optimization algorithm which provably converges to an optimal solution. Numerical experiments reveal that our method, mimi, performs well when the main effects are sparse and the interaction matrix has low-rank. We also show that mimi compares favorably to existing methods, in particular when the main effects are significantly large compared to the interactions, and when the proportion of missing entries is large. The method is available as an R package on the Comprehensive R Archive Network. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.

Keywords:

• Heterogeneous data
• Low-rank matrix completion
• Missing values

Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to the associate editor and to the two anonymous reviewers for very helpful comments on a previous version of this article.

Notes

1 https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/about.html.

1 Available at https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/searchresults.xhtml?refresh=t.

Additional information

Funding

This work has been funded by the DataScience Inititiative (Ecole Polytechnique) and the Russian Academic Excellence Project “5-100.”