Green, Black and Brown: Uncovering Latvia's Environmental Politics

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Notes

Notes

1 1 lat = 0.7 euro.

2 Law on the Financing of Political Organizations, amended August 2008, ‘Politisko Partiju Finansēšanas likums’ (available at: http://www.likumi.lv/doc.php?id=36189&from=off, accessed 1 June 2009).

3 For example, the Latvian Anti-Corruption Bureau (KNAB) found that 93% of donations to the Green/Farmers Union were made by people who claimed that the money came from money earned more than three years previously – and the Latvian taxation authorities can only investigate individual tax-returns with a three-year backlog. Thus, the truth of these claims cannot be investigated (Korupcijas Novēršanas un Apkarošanas Birojs 2004).

4 Daunis Auers's interview with D. Rasnačs (TB/LNNK Parliamentary Deputy 1995–present, Minister of Justice 1995–1998), 11 March 2002.

5 Aivars Lembergs, the long-standing Mayor of Ventspils and best-known advocate of the Ventspils group of companies, has been charged by Latvian prosecutors as the de facto owner of the offshore businesses that own the major transit-related businesses in Ventspils, and thus the de facto leader of the Ventspils group (Lapsa & Jančevska 2006).

6 Parliamentary deputies from all three parties have been interviewed as suspects in the investigation of the ‘Lembergs's stipendiates’ list discussed later in this section.

7 The total declared income of ZZS in 2002 was 503,292.32 lats (Latvian Anti-Corruption Bureau 2002).