Intergenerational Programs for Persons With Dementia: A Scoping Review

Abstract

Participation in intergenerational programs can have a positive impact on quality of life and well-being across age groups. We sought to examine the characteristics, goals, and outcomes of intergenerational programs for persons with dementia and children or youth. Six hundred and seventy-nine unique abstracts were identified through a search of 7 medical databases, 16 social science databases, 2 gray literature databases, and other sources. Twenty-seven articles met criteria for review. Articles must have gathered information on program design, goals, outcomes, or participants’ perceptions. Overall, 3 themes emerged: program design, outcomes for child or youth participants, and outcomes for persons with dementia. Music, arts-based, and narrative programs were most common. Outcomes include effects on perceptions of aging and dementia, behavior, mood, engagement and sense of self. The use of qualitative and quantitative data, as well as descriptive articles, provided a richer picture of the relational features of intergenerational programs to emerge. The type of program had less of an impact on positive outcomes than if the activity was meaningful for participants and supported shared opportunities for relationship building and growth. The relationship-based skill set and scope of social work practitioners provides opportunity for the development, facilitation, and evaluation of intergenerational programs. The difficulties of establishing best practices due to methodological challenges and implications for further research are presented.

KEYWORDS:

• intergenerational program
• relationships
• dementia
• Alzheimer’s
• cognitive impairment
• older adult
• children
• youth

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We gratefully thank Esme Fuller-Thomson, PhD, for her ongoing guidance and support throughout the completion of this review. We also acknowledge University of Toronto Librarians Jenaya Webb, MA, MLS, and Carla Hagstrom, MA, MLS, for their assistance in conducting database searches necessary for this review.

Notes

¹ In our review, we found multiple articles referring to the same study or program. Some of these also contained unique descriptive details that were not contained in the original article, so we included them in our descriptions of programs, but we excluded them in both our table and our numbered results within this document, referencing only the original study (Camp et al., 1997; George et al., 2011; Lee, Camp, & Malone, 2007).