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Abstract
Quercetin, resveratrol, naringenin, hesperidin, and rutin are phenolic compounds/flavonoids that may have roles in the reduction of cancer susceptibility. In this study, in vitro modulatory effects of them were studied on liver CYP1A1 associated 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity of leaping mullet (Liza saliens). All of the phenolic compounds/flavonoids used exerted an inhibitory effect on both EROD and GST activities of fish. Quercetin, resveratrol, hesperidin, and rutin were found to inhibit EROD activity in a competitive manner; on the other hand, naringenin was found to inhibit EROD activity in a noncompetitive manner. Ki values of quercetin, resveratrol, naringenin, hesperidin, and rutin were calculated from Dixon plots as 0.12 μM, 0.67 μM, 2.63 μM, 18 μM and 0.1 mM, respectively. Resveratrol, quercetin, and hesperidin were found to inhibit GST activity in a competitive manner; on the other hand, rutin and naringenin were found to inhibit GST activity in a mixed-type manner. Ki values of resveratrol, quercetin, hesperidin, naringenin, and rutin were calculated from Dixon plots as 3.2 μM, 12.5 μM, 45 μM, 128 μM, and 150 μM, respectively. The results suggest that quercetin and resveratrol containing foods are effective in the prevention and treatment of cancer.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors thank Tugba Boyunegmez Tumer for her help for providing fish liver microsomes. They also would like to thank Prof. Dr. Meral Yucel for her support and interest.
FUNDING
This work was partially supported by Turkish Academy of Sciences.
SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL
Supplementary data for this article can be found by accessing the publisher's web site.