Age Affects the Mitigating Efficacy of Riboflavin Against Cisplatin-Induced Toxicity In Vivo

ABSTRACT

Cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (CP), a prominent anticancer drug, exerts toxic insults that are functional to various factors that compromise its antineoplastic activity. Riboflavin (RF) is an essential vitamin and photosensitizer that ameliorates CP-induced toxic insults in vivo in a dose-dependent manner. The aim of the present study is to investigate how age can influence the ameliorative effect of RF against CP-induced toxicity. Ninety male mice were divided into three age groups: young, adult, and old for the present investigation under an established treatment strategy with CP, RF, and their combinations under photoillumination for 1 mo. Their kidneys and serum samples were assessed for redox status [superoxide dismutase, catalase, reduced glutathione, malondialdehyde (MDA), carbonyl contents, and glutathione-S-transferase], biochemical analysis (renal function markers—nitric oxide), comet assay, and histopathology. The adult group showed not only the strongest resistance against the CP-induced toxicity but also the better ameliorative effect of RF followed by the young and old groups, respectively, with well-maintained redox status concomitant with the level of renal function markers, MDA, and carbonyl contents near the control values. Furthermore, comet assay and histopathological evaluation confirmed the results in a dose-dependent manner. Hence, age is an important patient-related factor that can influence the final clinical outcome under personalized chemoradiotherapy.

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to extend their sincere appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University for funding the research group no. RGP-1435-093.

Conflict of interest

The authors report no declarations of interest.