L-Ascorbic Acid and α-Tocopherol Reduces Hepatotoxicity Associated with Arsenic Trioxide Chemotherapy by Modulating Nrf2 and Bcl2 Transcription Factors in Chang liver Cells

ABSTRACT

Arsenic trioxide (As₂O₃) is a promising new regimen for the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). The induction of oxidative stress mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and excessive intracellular calcium influx are the main reasons behind As₂O₃ toxicity. Since liver is the major organ for xenobiotic metabolism, it is always under stress. Antioxidant vitamins such as L-Ascorbic acid (L-AA) and α-Tocopherol (α-TOC) have been proposed to have beneficial effects against a variety of pathological conditions and are known by their free radical scavenging properties. The present study evaluates the curative efficacy of L-AA and α-TOC against As₂O₃ toxicity using immortalized human Chang liver cells. Our results suggest that L-AA (100 µM) and α-TOC (50 µM) recovered As₂O₃ (10 µM) cytotoxicity. Furthermore, As₂O₃ treatment showed an increase in lipid peroxidation and depletion in antioxidant status, mitochondrial trans membrane potential and values of total antioxidant capacity. Cotreatment of antioxidant vitamins with As₂O₃ resulted in a significant reversal of oxidative stress markers. Our findings substantiate the effect of antioxidant vitamins in protecting the hepatocytes from oxidative stress which may be attributed through Nrf2 (Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) mediated upregulation of Bcl2 (B-cell lymphoma 2) expression.

Acknowledgments

The authors thank Department of Biotechnology, Government of India for the excellent research facilities supported through the DBT-MSUB-IPLS (BUILDER) programme.

Additional information

Funding

We are thankful to the Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi for awarding INSPIRE fellowship to Ms. R. C. Vineetha (No. IF120622, DST/INSPIRE Fellowship/2012/584).