A Low Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index is Associated with Aggressive Pathologic Characteristics and Poor Survival after Nephrectomy in Clear Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Multicenter Retrospective Study

Abstract

Purpose: To investigated the prognostic significance of the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) in patients with surgically treated clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC).

Patients and methods: We retrospectively selected 4,591 consecutive patients with surgically treated ccRCC from a multi-institutional Korean collaboration between 1988 and 2015. The clinical significance of the GNRI as a continuous and categorical variable was determined.

Results: Preoperative low GNRI was significantly associated with older age, low body mass index, presence of diabetes, poor performance status, and presence of symptoms at diagnosis, as well as pathologic features such as aggressive tumor characteristics including large tumor size, advanced stage, high nuclear grade, lymphovascular invasion, sarcomatous differentiation, and tumor necrosis. A low GNRI was significantly associated with a short recurrence-free survival (RFS) in localized (pT1-2N0M0) ccRCC and cancer-specific survival (CSS) in the entire cohort, and with short RFS and CSS in the subgroup analysis according to age categories (≤65 and >65 years). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that preoperative GNRI, as a continuous or categorical variable, was an independent predictor of RFS and CSS.

Conclusion: Malnutrition as assessed by the preoperative GNRI is associated with aggressive tumor characteristics and poor survival in patients with surgically treated ccRCC.

Disclosure Statement

The authors have stated that they have no conflicts of interest.

Additional information

Funding

This research was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF), funded by the Ministry of Education (2018R1D1A1B07043906).

Notes on contributors

Ho Won Kang

Conception and study design: H.W. Kang and Y.J. Kim. Acquisition of data: S.P. Seo, W.T. Kim, S.J. Yun. Statistical analysis: W.T. Kim, S.J. Yun. Drafting and writing of the manuscript: H.W. Kang, S.P. Seo, W.T. Kim, S.J. Yun. Revision and critical review of the manuscript: S.C. Lee, W.J. Kim, E.C. Hwang, S.H. Kang, S.H. Hong, J. Chung, T.G. Kwon, H.H. Kim, C. Kwak, S.S. Byun, Y.J. Kim. Manuscript approval: all authors.

Yong-June Kim

Conception and study design: H.W. Kang and Y.J. Kim. Acquisition of data: S.P. Seo, W.T. Kim, S.J. Yun. Statistical analysis: W.T. Kim, S.J. Yun. Drafting and writing of the manuscript: H.W. Kang, S.P. Seo, W.T. Kim, S.J. Yun. Revision and critical review of the manuscript: S.C. Lee, W.J. Kim, E.C. Hwang, S.H. Kang, S.H. Hong, J. Chung, T.G. Kwon, H.H. Kim, C. Kwak, S.S. Byun, Y.J. Kim. Manuscript approval: all authors.