Abstract
Background and objective
This meta-analysis was performed to assess the association between vegetable and fruit (VF) consumption and biliary cancer risk.
Method
Relevant studies were identified by a search of MEDLINE and Embase databases. The summary relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the highest vs. lowest consumption and dose-response analyses were assessed.
Results
Fourteen studies were eligible. The summary RRs associated with the risk of biliary cancer for the highest vs. lowest were 0.48 (n = 10; 95% CI: 0.22-0.74; Q = 68.27, Pheterogeneity < 0.001, I2 = 86.8%) for vegetable consumption and 0.47 (n = 13; 95% CI: 0.32-0.61; Q = 32.68, Pheterogeneity = 0.001, I2 = 63.3%) for fruit consumption. Dose-response associations were analyzed for every 100 gram/day increment: for vegetable (n = 8; RR = 0.31, 95%CI: 0.20–0.47; Pnon-linearity = 0.35) and for fruit (n = 8; RR = 0.89, 95%CI: 0.66–1.18; Pnon-linearity = 0.20). There was no publication bias among studies (PBegg = 0.53, PEgger = 0.84 for vegetable; PBegg = 0.95, PEgger = 0.64 for fruit).
Conclusion
This meta-analysis indicated that VF consumption may significantly reduce the risk of biliary cancer. Further well-designed prospective studies are warranted to confirm our findings.
Disclosure Statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Author Contribution Statement
Jiaping Huai contributed to data collection and manuscript drafting; Xiaohua Ye contributed to study design and data analysis.