Nutrition and Breast Cancer Research in Arab Countries: Gaps, Opportunities, and Recommendations

Abstract

According to the WHO, Arab countries have the highest relative increase in Breast Cancer (BC) rates worldwide. Current shifts in dietary patterns in these countries are postulated as important modifiable risk factors of the disease. The objectives of this review were to examine the gaps and opportunities in the extent, range and nature of nutrition-related BC research in Arab countries. Studies (n = 286) were identified through searching 14 electronic databases. Among the gaps identified were limited international collaborations, preponderance of laboratory-based research at the expense of population-based research, focus on single supplement/nutrient/food research, limited use of dietary assessment tools, and studying nutrition in isolation of other environmental factors. Despite these gaps, several opportunities appeared. The distribution of papers among Arab countries suggested that collaboration between high and middle income countries could create a positive synergy between research expertise and wealth. In addition, the steady increase in the number of articles published during the last two decades reflected a promising momentum in nutrition and BC research in the Arab world. These gaps and opportunities constituted context-specific evidence to orient nutrition and BC research in Arab countries which could ultimately lead to development of effective interventions for prevention of BC in these countries.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization, F.N., R.N., and R.T.; methodology and formal analysis, S.N., F.N., HS and Z.F.; resources, S.N., F.N. writing—original draft preparation, HS, F.N., writing—review and editing, F.N.,R.N. M.F., and R. T.; supervision, F.N., R.N., and R.T. project administration, F.N. funding acquisition, R.T. and M.F.

Disclosure Statement

The authors report no conflict of interests to declare

Funding

The authors would like to acknowledge the support of the International Breast Cancer and Nutrition (IBCN) project at Purdue University, Indiana, USA for providing a collaborative platform and travel support that facilitated the conception and completion of this work.