Preparation of Ethanol Extract of Propolis Loaded Niosome Formulation and Evaluation of Effects on Different Cancer Cell Lines

Abstract

Propolis is a candidate for cancer treatment with its activity against different tumor cells and, has a wide spectrum of biological and pharmacological activities due to the diversity of its components. In this study, antitumorigenic activities of ethanol extract of propolis (EEP) and ethanol extract of propolis loaded niosome (PLN) were compared using 2D and 3D cell culture. Niosome formulations were prepared by thin film hydration technique. Cell viability of EEP and PLN was analyzed on MCF7, A549, MDA-MB-231, SK-MEL, SK-BR-3, DU145 and L-929 cell lines using MTT assay. L929, MCF7 and A549 cells were cultured using the 3D petri dish technique and their spherical forms were obtained after 142 h. After 24 h, PLN and EEP application, cell viability analysis was performed on 3D cultures with WST assay. As a result, niosome formulations containing EEP showed higher activity than ethanol extract of propolis in cancer cells. While a slow decrease was observed in cell viability in EEP treated cancer cells, it was observed that the percentage viability rates decreased in a shorter time in PLN treated cancer cells. Also, PLN can be used as an anticancer activity drug such as Doxorubicin, but this is not the case for EEP.

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Ege University Aliye Üster Foundation for providing research project award and Research Fund of Kocaeli University (KOU/BAP/2018/118) for providing financial support to this project.

Author contributions

Assoc. Prof. Emel Oyku CETIN UYANIKGIL was the project manager of this project Melis DEMIROZER, Sibel AKAR, Fatih KARABEY, Kubilay Dogan KILIC, Levent KIRILMAZ, Yigit UYANIKGIL were the researchers of this project. These researchers worked for preparing propolis for niosome formulation, developing niosome formulation and characterization and part of cell culture. Derya Selcen SALMANOGLU was worked for noisome formulation.

Assoc. Prof. Canan SEVIMLI-GUR was the Project manager of this project which was supported by Research Fund of Kocaeli University (KOU/BAP/2018/118). Ilknur OZDEN was the researcher of this Project. These researchers worked on cell culture studies. Gizem ORS-KUMOGLU was worked for cell culture studies.

Assoc. Prof. Emel Oyku CETIN UYANIKGIL, Assoc. Prof. Canan SEVIMLI-GUR, Gizem ORS-KUM and Derya Selcen SALMANOGLU wrote the main manuscript for publication.

Disclosure Statement

Assoc. Prof. Emel Oyku CETIN was the project manager of this project that she won the Ege University Aliye Üster Foundation project award as project manager.

Assoc. Prof. Canan SEVIMLI-GUR was the Project manager of this project which was supported by Research Fund of Kocaeli University (KOU/BAP/2018/118).

Ethical Approval

This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

Additional information

Funding

This study was funded by Ege University Aliye Üster Foundation for providing research project award and Research Fund of Kocaeli University (KOU/BAP/2018/118).