The Association between Dietary Diversity Score and Risk of Prostate Cancer: (A Case-Control Study)

Abstract

There are few studies that evaluated the relationship between dietary diversity score (DDS) and risk of cancer. The purpose of this study was to examine the association of DDS with the risk of prostate cancer (PC) among Iranian men. This case-control study was performed among 60 cases with prostate cancer and 60 hospital-based controls. Anthropometric measurements were done and demographic information was recorded using standard protocols. A validated 160-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess usual dietary intakes. Also, Binary logistic regression was performed to estimate the risk of PC in relation to DDS. After controlling for several confounders (age, body mass index, physical activity, energy intake, job, education, and antihypertensive drugs usage) higher adherence to DDS (OR = 0.33; 95% CI (0.11-0.97)), fruits group (OR = 0.19; 95% CI (0.06-0.63)), and vegetables group (OR = 0.17; 95% CI (0.05 − 0.58)) were significantly associated with lower risk of PC. In contrast, greater adherence to the meat group (OR = 3.88; 95% CI (1.32-11.42)) was significantly associated with increased PC risk. Our results showed that adherence to a diet with higher DDS, especially higher amounts of fruits and vegetables and a lower amount of meat could decrease the risk of PC.

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the participants for their kind cooperation.

Author Contributions

Fatemeh Mirjalili: manuscript writing/Yahya Jalilpiran: data collection/Seyed Mohammad Mousavi, Mahsa Rezazadegan, and Alireza Jafari: data analyses and interpretation/Seyed Amir Reza Mohajeri: analysis of food frequency questionnaires/Shiva Faghih: study designing, study management and supervising final manuscript and final statistical analysis.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Ethical Approval

This study was ethically approved by ethics committee of Shiraz University of medical sciences (approval number: IR.SUMS.REC.1394.S438).

Additional information

Funding

This study was financially supported by the Students Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (grant number: 93-01-21-9059).