The Evaluation of Dietary Antioxidant Capacity, Dietary Inflammatory Index and Serum Biomarkers in Breast Cancer: A Prospective Study

Abstract

Dietary antioxidant capacity (dTAC) and dietary inflammatory index (DII) are commonly used to assess nutrition. This prospective study examined dTAC, DII, and serum biomarkers in women with breast cancer (BC). Patients were followed-up before surgery (T₁), before chemotherapy (T₂), at 6^th (T₃) and 12^th months of chemotherapy (T₄). Serum tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1β, interleukin 6, protein carbonyl, malondialdehyde, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and total oxidant status levels were analyzed. Dietary antioxidant intake, dTAC, and DII were determined using a three-day dietary record. dTAC was calculated using vitamin C equivalent (VCE), oxygen radical absorption capacity (ORAC), trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter (TRAP), and ferrous ion reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP). This study included 32 women with BC and 32 controls (CG). ORAC, TEAC, TRAP, and FRAP were significantly lower in BC than in CG. During follow-up, only ORAC increased significantly at T₂ compared to T₁. A weak positive correlation was found between dTAC (VCE) and serum TAC levels at T₂ (rho = 0.371, p = 0.036). The relationship between diet and serum biomarkers was not significant. Multicenter prospective studies on different age groups are needed to understand the association between diet and serum biomarkers levels in patients with BC.

Acknowledgments

We would like to thank women that have participated in this research for their meaningful contributions and Turkish Society of Medical Oncology for support the research. We also would like to thank to Dr. Ahmad Al-Khattat for his valuable support in writing the manuscript. The relationship between dietary and serum advanced glycation end-products and serum inflammation and oxidation biomarkers of the participants were evaluated in a previously published article (See ref. (16).

Authors’ Contributions

SBA, MA and NR designed the study. SBA, MA, FA, MMB, MG and HCA were responsible for the clinical data extraction. SBA and NR wrote the first draft of the manuscript. MA and NR reviewed and revised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Consent for Publication

Participants consented to having their data published.

Disclosure Statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Statement of Ethics

Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Necmettin Erbakan University, (2019/1866, 17 May 2019). All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

Data Availability Statement

This manuscript is based on data of SBA’s PhD dissertation. The datasets of the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Additional information

Funding

This research was supported by Turkish Society of Medical Oncology (Grant no: TTOD-2019-47).