Meals Served in Danish Nursing Homes and to Meals-on-Wheels Clients May Not Offer Nutritionally Adequate Choices

Abstract

Underweight is a significant problem among older Danish nursing home residents and home-care clients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional composition of the meals prepared for older adults in nursing homes and receiving Meals-on-Wheels deliveries, focusing on the menus most commonly served, including the standard menu (most commonly prepared), the energy and protein dense menu, and two types of texture modified menus (chopped and blended). Also, one portion of a homemade energy and protein dense drink was collected and analyzed. For each of the participating kitchens (N = 10), extra portions of different menus were made (3 days in a row). The meal samples (total n = 389) were analyzed for content of energy, protein, fat and carbohydrate. The findings were compared with recommendations regarding the foods to be served in Danish institutions. The nutrient content of the meals-on-wheels and nursing home meals, as well as that of the homemade energy and protein dense drink, varied considerably. The nursing home menus seldom or never fulfilled the recommendations. Our findings support the conclusion that meals served in Danish nursing homes and to meals-on-wheels clients do not consistently offer adequate nutritional intakes.

KEYWORDS:

• energy
• energy and protein dense menu
• fat
• homemade energy and protein dense drink
• protein
• texture modified menu

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the regional office for the Danish Diet and Nutrition Association in Aarhus and the kitchens for their cooperation. We also thank the laboratory staff for collecting the samples and performing the laboratory analyses.

Notes

*Applies to hot main meal of the home delivered meals (M-O-W).

*Results are reported as median (range).

†The recommendations regarding energy are for all menus, the recommendations regarding macronutrient composition is for the chopped, blended and energy and protein dense menus.

‡p < 0.001 when compared with the recommendations by means of Wilcoxon signed rank sum test.

*Results are given as median (range).