Ticks (Parasitiformes: Ixodida) on new world wild primates in Brazil

ABSTRACT

Brazil concentrates the largest number of primate species in the world. In the present study, an extensive literature review of ticks on New World wild monkeys has been carried out, demonstrating that between the years 1912 to 2018, 182 larvae, 137 nymphs and 31 adult ticks (10 males and 21 females) were collected on 78 primates (from 12 different species) in 28 distinct localities in the Brazilian territory. Additionally, examination of allotments of 11 tick collections of Brazil revealed that from 1919 to 2019, 93 larvae, 91 nymphs and 175 adult ticks (62 males and 113 females) were collected from 100 monkeys (among 20 different species) from 43 localities in distinct Brazilian biomes. Overall, 19 tick species were identified on wild primates in the country: Amblyomma aureolatum (Pallas, 1772), Amblyomma cajennense (Fabricius, 1787) sensu stricto, Amblyomma coelebs Neumann, 1899, Amblyomma dubitatum Neumann, 1899, Amblyomma geayi Neumann, 1899, Amblyomma incisum Neumann, 1906, Amblyomma longirostre (Koch, 1844), Amblyomma naponense (Packard, 1869), Amblyomma nodosum Neumann, 1899, Amblyomma ovale Koch, 1844, Amblyomma parkeri Fonseca & Aragão, 1952, Amblyomma romarioi Martins, Luz & Labruna, 2019, Amblyomma rotundatum Koch, 1844, Amblyomma sculptum Berlese, 1888, Haemaphysalis juxtakochi Cooley, 1946, Ixodes fuscipes Koch, 1844, Rhipicephalus microplus (Canestrini, 1888), Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806) sensu lato,and Ornithodoros rostratus Aragão, 1911. The presence of A. incisum, A. naponense, A. nodosum, A. rotundatum and I. fuscipes on monkeys is recorded for the first time. Thisresearch is therefore a significant contribution to the knowledge of tick speciesassociated with non-human primates in the Neotropical region.

KEYWORDS:

• Amblyomma
• Haemaphysalis
• Ixodes
• Rhipicephalus
• Brazilian monkeys

Acknowledgments

The authors thank the veterinarians, and biologists of the ^“Parque Zoológico Municipal Quinzinho de Barros”, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil; “Zoológico Municipal de Guarulhos”, Guarulhos, SP, Brazil; “Centro de Triagem de Animais Silvestres, Parque Ecológico do Tietê, Departamento de Águas e Energia Elétrica”, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; “Divisão da Fauna Silvestre, Secretaria Municipal do Verde e do Meio Ambiente da Prefeitura Municipal de São Paulo”, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. We are very grateful to Danilo Gonçalves Saraiva (in memorian), Dra. Paula Sader and Dr. Marcelo Meller Alievi and your team from “Núcleo de Conservação e Reabilitação de Animais Silvestres, Faculdade de Veterinária da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul”, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, for collecting tick species on wild primates; Dr. Sérgio Lucena Mendes, Dr. Plautino de Oliveira Laroque and Renata Fagundes-Moreira for the collaboration; We would also like to thank Dra. Maria Cecilia Martins Kierulff, Dr. José Luiz Catão-Dias, Dr. Alcides Pissinatti and Instituto Pri-Matas de Conservação da Biodiversidade team for collecting and providing tick on a free-ranging Leontopithecus chrysomelas. Gabrielle Ribeiro de Andrade and Maria Cristina Ferreira do Rosário Almeida for the assistance with ticks in the “Laboratório de Coleções Zoológicas, Instituto Butantan”, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Dr. Marcelo Duarte da Silva and Dr. Mauro Cardoso Júnior for the assistance with ticks in the “Coleção de Chelicerata do Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo” (MZ-USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Dr. Marcio Luiz de Oliveira and Dr. Thiago Mahlmann for the assistance with ticks in the “Coleção de Invertebrados do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia” (INPA), Manaus, AM, Brazil.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

This work was financially supported by the “Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo” (FAPESP, Project 2014/14464-1) and “Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico” (CNPq). The CNPq has also provided a Research Productivity (PQ) fellowship to Dr. Marcelo Bahia Labruna, Dr. Mauricio Cláudio Horta, Dr. Rafael Felipe da Costa Vieira, and Dr. Richard de Campos Pacheco.