Post-concussion Syndrome Light Sensitivity: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

ABSTRACT

Photophobia is considered the second most common symptom of both concussion and post-concussion syndrome. Soldiers on duty experience photophobia after blast-related concussions or mild traumatic brain injury in 60–75% of instances. In addition, soldiers report other symptoms, such as asthenopia, squinting, dry eyes and headaches, for which they are considered to be at high risk. According to the International Brain Injury Association, some concussed patients report indirect symptoms such as multi-tasking difficulties, dizziness, vertigo, and fatigue. Moreover, some concussed individuals experience photophobia for approximately 6 months or indefinitely. We present the case of a 23-year-old soldier who presented with severe photophobia after a mild traumatic head injury. His photophobia was alleviated after the administration of topical anaesthetic drops in the eyes in the absence of any ocular surface pathology. He was diagnosed with post-concussion syndrome light sensitivity and was managed successfully with rose-coloured special photophobia glasses tinted with FL-41. Photophobia is a common neurological symptom in military personnel that needs more attention as it affects body and mind. We have reported an uncommon pathway of photophobia, which may unveil an unrecognised mechanism that may play a role in post-concussion photophobia.

KEYWORDS:

• Concussion
• postconcussion syndrome
• photophobia
• melanopsin
• topical anaesthetic
• tinted glasses

Acknowledgments

The authors recognise the help in literature search done by Emad Alshekh Khaled.

Author contributions

MA: Mohammad Abusamak, HR: Hamzeh Mohammad Alrawashdeh

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Available upon request.

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Consent for publication

Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this case report and any accompanying images. A copy of the written consent is available for review by the Editor-in-Chief of this journal.

Declaration of interest statement

The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper.

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Funding

The author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.