Lacrimal gland targeted therapies for refractory epiphora: quantitative changes in the gland activity

ABSTRACT

Purpose

To investigate the effect of botulinum toxin (BTX) and partial orbital lobe dacryoadenectomy (POLD) on the main lacrimal gland functions using the direct assessment of its secretory activity.

Methods

A pilot study involving 14 subjects (mean age, 42.16 years) with proximal bicanalicular block (n = 9) or complete punctal effacement (n = 5) received either intraglandular 2.5 units of BTX (n = 7) or underwent the POLD procedure (n = 7). Dynamic assessment of tear secretion from the palpebral lobes was performed as per standard protocols. The parameters studied included Schirmer I, changes in the glandular outflow, and the neurosensory secretory lag.

Results

Schirmer I values showed a mean reduction of 5.25 mm (range, 2–8 mm) following BTX injection, and mean tear flow decreased from 1.46 $\mathit{\mu }\mathrm{l}/min$ to 1.11 $\mathit{\mu }\mathrm{l}/min$ (P = 0.15). The POLD group showed a significant mean reduction of 0.45 $\mathit{\mu }\mathrm{l}/min$ in mean tear flow at 1 month (P = 0.03) and 0.32 $\mathit{\mu }\mathrm{l}/min$ at 3 months of follow-up (P = 0.20). However, there was no statistically significant change of the Schirmer values in the POLD group at 3 months.

Conclusion

Direct assessment of lacrimal gland function can be used to monitor changes following the gland therapies. Although POLD shows a significant reduction in short term, significant surgical improvisation would be needed for it to be effective in long term. A larger study is ongoing to further our understanding.

KEYWORDS:

• Lacrimal gland
• epiphora
• botulinum toxin
• canalicular obstruction
• dacryoadenectomy

Acknowledgments

Dr Swati Singh acknowledges Start-up research grant, SERB, India (SRG/2021/000131) for funding support to her.

Disclosure statement

The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the article.

Additional information

Funding

The work was supported by the Science and Engineering Research Board [SRG/2021/000131].