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Abstract
Industrial control systems (ICS) require system design and operation under cyber-attacks. This study aims to design a fallback control system that can switch from normal control to fallback control and verify its superiority. The target system is a factory automation (FA) system consisting of a normal programmable logic controller (PLC) and a fallback PLC. In this system, we design a fallback logic that takes over control in the case of cyber-attacks. The design of this logic requires a system model that manages smooth state transitions between normal control and fallback control in an integrated manner under cyber-attacks. In response, we model a control program in the framework of discrete event systems (DESs) and apply supervisory control to derive a supervisor model that can manage the system in an integrated manner. To ensure the controllability of the FA system during cyber-attacks, we design a control specification that includes a detection function to enable rapid switching of the control state. As a result, we generate the fallback logic from the supervisor model with guaranteed controllability under cyber-attacks and implement it in a fallback PLC to verify the effectiveness of the proposed logic.
GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Additional information
Notes on contributors
Kousei Sakata
Kousei Sakata received his M.S. degree in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan, in 2022. From 2024, He is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree in the Department of Systems and Control Engineering at Tokyo Institute of Technology. He currently works at the R&D group of Hitachi Ltd. He is engaged in R&D on industrial control system technologies, especially embedded systems and cybersecurity.
Kenji Sawada
Kenji Sawada received his Ph.D. degrees in engineering in 2009 from Osaka University. He is an Associate Professor in Info-Powered Energy System Research Center, The University of Electro-Communications, Japan. He is also an advisor of Control System Security Center since 2016. He received Outstanding Paper Awards from FA Foundation (2015 and 2019), Fluid Power Technology Promotion foundation (2018), and JSME (2018). His research interests include the control theory of cyber-physical systems and control system security. He is a member of SICE, ISCIE, IEEJ, JSME, IEEE.
Takashi Ogura
Takashi Ogura received his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from Nagoya University, Japan, in 2016 and 2019. Since 2019, he has been working at the R&D group in Hitachi Ltd. His research interests are in security, especially for industrial control systems. He is a member of national commitee of IEC TC65/WG10. CISSP. GICSP, CEH.
Junya Fujita
Junya Fujita received his Master of Engineering from the university of Tokyo in 2011. He is working in Hitachi, ltd. and has experiences in R&D related to embedded systems and cybersecurity for industrial automation control applications over 10 years. He is a member of SICE, ISA and IEEE. He is also a member of ISA99 workgroup and an expert member of IEC/TC65/WG10 as standardizing bodies. He holds world-recognized cybersecurity certifications such as CISSP, CISA, GICSP and OSCP.
Noritaka Matsumoto
Noritaka Matsumoto received the Ph.D. degrees in engineering in 2023 from The University of Electro-Communications. He currently works at the R&D group of Hitachi Ltd. He has experience in R&D on industrial control system technologies, particularly embedded systems and cybersecurity. He is a member of the national committee of IEC TC65/WG10 and WG20. He is also a member of IEICE and IPSJ.