Adhesion of dual-polymerized luting cement on superficial and deep dentin using different one-step self-etch mild adhesive systems

Abstract

This study evaluated adhesion of dual-polymerized resin cement to superficial dentin (SD) and deep dentin (DD) using one-step self-etch adhesives at varying pH. After smear layer was created on third molars (N = 60, n = 15 per group), adhesive resins, 1- Clearfil S3 Bond Plus-CBP (Kuraray) (pH: 2.3), 2- Bisco All Bond Universal-BAU (Bisco) (pH: 3.2), 3- Single Bond Universal Adhesive-SBU (3M ESPE) (pH: 2.7), 4- Nova Compo-B Plus-NCBP (Imicryl) (pH: 2.5–3), were applied on SD and DD. Resin cement (Variolink II, Ivoclar Vivadent) was adhered incrementally on the SD surfaces using polyethylene molds and photo-polymerized for 40 s from 5 directions (output: 1200 mw/cm²). After macroshear and microshear test, in order to achieve DD specimens, SD were removed 1 mm in the pulp direction and the same bonding and test procedures were performed. The specimens were kept at 37 °C for 24 h. The adhesion tests were conducted in the Universal Testing Machine and failure types were analyzed. The data were analyzed using Univariate ANOVA, Tukey`s, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (α = .05). Test method, dentin level and the adhesive resin significantly affected the results (MPa) (p < .05). After macroshear test, more incidences of cohesive failures in DD were observed with NCBP Plus. On SD, NCBP presented the highest results followed by BAU using macroshear test. On DD, NCBP presented the highest results followed by SBU. Not only the pH but the chemical composition affected adhesion especially to SD while in DD, the difference between the adhesive resins was less significant.

KEYWORDS:

• Adhesion
• adhesive cementation
• bond strength test
• dentin
• macroshear test
• microshear test
• resin luting cement

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Acknowledgement

We would like to acknowledge Imicryl, GmBH, Konya, Turkey for generous provision of resin cements used in this study. The authors further acknowledge Mr. A. Trottmann, University of Zürich, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, Zürich, Switzerland, for his assistance with the specimen preparation, Dr. M. Roos, from the Division of Biostatistics, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland for her support with the statistical analysis.

Disclosure staement

The authors did not have any commercial interest in any of the materials used in this study.