Impact of capsaicin concentration evoking coughs on clinical variables in patients with asthma

Abstract

Background

Inhaled capsaicin (8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonenamide) has been used to induce cough in a safe and dose-dependent manner. Chronic cough is associated with an increased sensitivity to inhaled capsaicin in patients with asthma. The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical impact of capsaicin provocation test for chronic cough, and to find relationship between capsaicin concentration producing coughs and clinical variables in patients with asthma. Methods: 385 patients with chronic cough [capsaicin provocation test (+, n = 152)] vs. [capsaicin provocation test (–, n = 233)] who has done with capsaicin provocation test recruited and evaluated by asthma diagnosis and clinical variables. Asthma diagnoses were based on the Global Initiative for Asthma guidelines. Results: Capsaicin positivity was more prevalent in patient with asthma diagnosis than in patients without asthma diagnosis (129/304 vs. 24/81, p = 0.037). Capsaicin positivity was more prevalent in female patients than in male patients (123/271 = 45.4% vs. 30/114 = 26.3%, p = 0.001). Capsaicin concentration producing coughs correlated with smoke amount (r = 0.126, p = 0.014). Capsaicin positivity was more prevalent in nonsmoker patients than in smoker patients (133/295 = 45.1% vs. 20/90 = 22.2%, p = 0.001). Capsaicin concentration producing coughs negatively correlated with methacholine PC20 (4 mg mL⁻¹, p = 0.037), (16 mg mL⁻¹, p = 0.069) and (20 mg mL⁻¹, p = 0.045). Capsaicin concentration producing coughs correlated with BMI (r = 0.120, p = 0.019). Capsaicin concentration producing coughs negatively correlated with FEV₁/FVC % pred. (r = –0.137, p = 0.007). There was no relationship between capsaicin concentration producing coughs and age, IgE, and atopy. Conclusions: Capsaicin test for asthma diagnosis should be considered for variable clinical factors.

Key message

1. Cough in asthmatic patients is not only common and troublesome but also predicts disease severity and poor prognosis.

2. The capsaicin cough challenge test is a simple and reproducible provocation method for assessing cough susceptibility in patients with cough.

3. Capsaicin test for asthma diagnosis should be considered for variable clinical factors.

Keywords:

• Asthma
• capsaicin
• cough
• respiratory function tests

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Additional information

Funding

This research was supported by Soonchunhyang University (2020).