Effect of Pyrite Application on Wheat-Maize Growth and Nutrient Uptake Under Diverse Soil Conditions

Abstract

Zinc (Zn) and phosphorus (P) deficiency is a common nutritional problem for the production of many crops in semi-arid Mediterranean region of Turkey. This problem results in the application of increasing amounts of fertilizers. Minerals (such as pyrite) including iron (Fe) and sulfur (S) can decrease soil pH may be a critical factor in crop production under low supply of Zn and P in calcareous and clay soils. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of pyrite application on wheat-maize-wheat growth, P and Zn concentration with three successive pot experiments. Bread (Seri-82) (Triticum durum L.) durum (Kunduru) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and maize (Zea mays L.) RX 788 hybrid was grown in Zn and P-deficient calcareous soils from Central Anatolian Sultanönü and Çukurova Karaburun. Plants were grown under greenhouse conditions at five rates of pyrite (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 g pyrite kg⁻¹ soil) in three consecutive experiments. Pyrite application increased shoot dry matter production of wheat and maize. With time effect of pyrite on plant growth and nutrient uptake was more. In accordance with growth data, pyrite application enhanced P and Zn concentration of plants, especially under Zn deficient Sultanönü soil then Karaburun soil. Plants grown in Karaburun soil had more P and Zn concentration than grown in Sultanönü soil. The results obtained indicate that pyrite can be used as a zinc fertilizer sources for gramine plants such as wheat and maize.

Keywords:

• pyrite
• phosphorus
• zinc deficiency and efficiency
• Triticum aestivum
• Triticum durum
• Zea mays